REPORTS |
Prospective Study of Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-3
Jing Ma,
Michael N. Pollak,
Edward Giovannucci,
June M. Chan,
Yuzhen Tao,
Charles H. Hennekens,
Meir J. Stampfer
Affiliations of authors: J. Ma, Department of Medicine,
Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston MA; M. N. Pollak, Y. Tao, Departments of Medicine and
Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Lady Davis Research
Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University,
Montreal, Canada; E. Giovannucci, Department of Medicine, Channing
Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston;
J. M. Chan, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public
Health; C. H. Hennekens, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of
Public Health and Division of Preventive Medicine, Departments of
Medicine and Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Brigham and Women's
Hospital and Harvard Medical School; M. J. Stampfer, Department of
Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and
Harvard Medical School and Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology,
Harvard School of Public Health.
Correspondence to: Jing Ma,
M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: Jing.Ma{at}channing.harvard.edu).
 |
ABSTRACT
|
---|
BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent mitogen for normal and
neoplastic cells, whereas IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) inhibits cell growth in many
experimental systems. Acromegalics, who have abnormally high levels of growth hormone and
IGF-I, have higher rates of colorectal cancer. We therefore examined associations of plasma
levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with the risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective case-control study
nested in the Physicians' Health Study. METHODS: Plasma samples were collected at
baseline from 14 916 men without diagnosed cancer. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were
assayed among 193 men later diagnosed with colorectal cancer during 14 years of follow-up and
among 318 age- and smoking-matched control subjects. All P values are two-sided.
RESULTS: IGFBP-3 levels correlated with IGF-I levels (r = .64) and with
IGF-II levels (r = .90). After controlling for IGFBP-3, age, smoking, body mass
index (weight in kg/[height in m]2), and alcohol intake, men in the
highest quintile for IGF-I had an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with men in the
lowest quintile (relative risk [RR] = 2.51; 95% confidence interval
[CI] = 1.15-5.46; P for trend = .02). After controlling for
IGF-I and other covariates, men with higher IGFBP-3 had a lower risk (RR = 0.28;
95% CI = 0.12-0.66; P for trend = .005, comparing extreme
quintiles). The associations were consistent during the first and the second 7-year follow-up
intervals and among younger and older men. IGF-II was not associated with risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are related to future
risk of colorectal cancer.
 |
INTRODUCTION
|
---|
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)-I and -II are mitogenic in
normal and neoplastic cells and act by binding to cell-surface IGF
receptors (1-5). Several studies suggest that IGF-I and
IGF-II are important in the pathophysiology of colorectal carcinoma.
IGF receptors are found in human colon cancers (5), and
full-length messenger RNAs for IGFs have been detected in human tumor
cells (6-8). Exogenous IGF-I and -II stimulate proliferation
of human colorectal cancer cells (9,10), whereas
blockade of the IGF-I receptor inhibits tumor cell growth
(11). Individuals with acromegaly, a disease of somatic growth
caused by increased growth hormone and IGF-I, have an increased
incidence of colonic cancer (12-14).
IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) binds more than 95% of the IGF in serum and
influences cell proliferation by modulating access of IGFs to the IGF receptors (15-17). IGFBP-3 also apparently inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through
IGF-independent mechanisms (18,19). Most circulating IGF-I and
IGFBP-3 are synthesized in the liver, where expression of each is increased by growth hormone.
There is considerable between-person variability in blood levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 (1,20). Tissue IGF bioactivity is influenced by circulating IGF levels and
by local expression of IGFs, IGFBPs, and IGFBP proteases (21). Some
factors that regulate determinants of local IGF bioactivity may regulate circulating IGF-I levels in
a parallel fashion (22,23). Although colonic tumors secrete IGF-II, which
may stimulate neoplastic growth (6,7,24,25), the role of circulating
IGF-II is poorly understood (15).
We previously reported a strong positive association between baseline plasma IGF-I levels
and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (26) or premenopausal breast
cancer (27). We therefore hypothesized that men with high plasma levels
of IGF-I would have increased risk of colorectal cancer, men with high levels of IGFBP-3 would
have lower risk, and men with high IGF-I and low IGFBP-3 would have the highest risk.
 |
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
|
---|
Subjects
This is a prospective case-control study nested in the Physicians' Health Study, a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin and ß-carotene among
22 071 healthy U.S. male physicians, 40-84 years of age in 1982 (28). Men were excluded at baseline if they had a history of myocardial infarction,
stroke, transient ischemic attack, cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), current renal or liver
disease, peptic ulcer, gout, or current use of a vitamin A or ß-carotene supplement. Study
participants completed two mailed questionnaires before being randomly assigned, additional
questionnaires at 6 and 12 months, and questionnaires annually thereafter. Before participants
were randomly assigned, we sent kits to all participants with instructions to have their blood
drawn into vacutainer tubes containing EDTA. The participants fractionated the blood by
centrifugation and returned the samples (by overnight courier) in plastic cryopreservation vials.
Each kit included a cold pack to keep specimens cool until receipt at our laboratory the following
morning. At this time, specimens were divided into aliquots and stored at -82 °C.
During storage, precautions were taken so that no specimens thawed or warmed substantially.
We received specimens from 14 916 (68%) of the randomly assigned physicians.
When participants reported a diagnosis of cancer, we requested medical records (including
pathology reports); these records were reviewed by physicians of the Study End Points
Committee. By December 1995, we had confirmed 193 diagnoses of colorectal cancer among
those who provided adequate baseline plasma samples. For each case subject, we attempted to
select two control subjects who had provided blood and had not reported a diagnosis of
colorectal cancer at the time the diagnosis was reported by the case subject. Control subjects
were matched for age (±1 year) and smoking status (never, past, or current). We,
however, could identify a second control subject for only 125 case subjects, and so in total 318
men formed the control group.
Assays of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3
Plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were assayed in the laboratory of M. N. Pollak
at the Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University.
Samples from case subjects and their matched control subjects were assayed in the same batch to
minimize interassay variability, and aliquots from a pool of quality control plasma were inserted
randomly. Laboratory personnel were unable to distinguish among case, control, and quality
control samples. Plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were assayed by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay with reagents from Diagnostic Systems Laboratory (Webster, TX). The
mean intra-assay coefficients of variation for IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 from the blinded
quality control samples were 2.9%, 1.7%, and 3.2%, respectively.
Statistical Analyses
We compared baseline characteristics between case subjects and control subjects by paired t tests and
2 tests. We used analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) to
compare the age- and IGF-I-adjusted levels of IGFBP-3 and age- and IGFBP-3-adjusted levels of
IGF-I or IGF-II between case subjects and control subjects. Conditional logistic regression was
used to estimate the age- and smoking-matched relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) for the association of IGFs and IGFBP-3 with risk of developing colorectal cancer.
All models presented in the paper were also adjusted for body mass index (BMI, weight in
kg/[height in m]2) and alcohol intake. Physical activity, multivitamin
use, and aspirin use were not included in the models because they are not associated with IGF
and IGFBP-3 levels or with cancer risk in these participants. Because IGFBP-3 levels were
correlated with IGF-I (r = .64) and IGF-II (r = .90) and may
have opposite effects on risk, it was necessary to simultaneously adjust for these factors in the
models to assess their independent effects. We also assessed the molar ratios of IGF-I to
IGFBP-3, IGF-II to IGFBP-3, and (IGF-I + IGF-II) to IGFBP-3 (for conversion, 1 ng/mL is
0.130 nM for IGF-I, 0.134 nM for IGF-II, and 0.036 nM for
IGFBP-3). We used IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 as continuous variables in conditional logistic
regression models to test for trend and to estimate the RRs associated with incremental change of
IGF-I and IGFBP-3. We further stratified the multivariate-adjusted models by median age
(<60 or
60 years), follow-up interval (1-7 or 8-14 years), and tumor site (colon or
rectum). We also assessed the adjusted RRs for the joint effect of IGF-I and IGFBP-3
(categorized into tertiles based on the distribution among control subjects) by using the lowest
tertiles of both factors as the reference group. All P values are two-sided, and all the
analyses used the SAS program package (29).
 |
RESULTS
|
---|
Baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1.
Case subjects were heavier and tended to have a higher BMI than control
subjects, but no statistically significant difference was observed for
other possible risk factors. Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were
normally distributed, with a wide range for case subjects and control
subjects; among control subjects, the 5th and 95th percentiles were 111
and 292 ng/mL, respectively, for IGF-I and 2023 and 4148 ng/mL,
respectively, for IGFBP-3. Among control subjects, IGF-I was positively
correlated with IGF-II (Pearson correlation coefficient [r]
= .50) and IGFBP-3 (r = .64) and inversely correlated with age
(r = -.30) and alcohol intake (r = -.17). IGFBP-3
was
inversely correlated with age (r = -.35) and highly correlated
with IGF-II (r = .90). IGF-II was also inversely correlated with age
(r = -.23). Besides age and alcohol intake, other variables listed
in Table 1
were not correlated with IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3.
Mean plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were similar among case subjects and
control subjects. However, when IGF-I levels were assessed relative to IGFBP-3 levels,
controlling for age, case subjects consistently had higher levels of IGF-I than control subjects at
each level of IGFBP-3 (Fig. 1).
After controlling for age and IGFBP-3,
the mean level of IGF-I was higher among case subjects (198.7 ng/mL) than among control
subjects (186.8 ng/mL) (P = .02). Conversely, the mean level of IGFBP-3 was
lower among case subjects (2959 ng/mL) than among control subjects (3066 ng/mL) (P
= .02), controlling for age and IGF-I. This result suggests that the opposite effects of
IGF-I and IGFBP-3 on cancer risk were masked by each other, perhaps because most of the
circulating IGF is carried by IGFBP-3 as an IGFIGFBP-3 complex. There was no statistically
significant case-control difference in age- and IGFBP-3-controlled IGF-II levels (case subjects,
623 ng/mL; control subjects, 622 ng/mL; P = .82). The molar ratio between
IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may reflect free biologically active IGF-I (30). We
observed a small but statistically significant difference in the molar ratio of IGF-I to IGFBP-3
after controlling for age (mean for case subjects = 0.23 versus mean for control subjects
= 0.22; P = .03). No statistically significant differences were observed
for molar ratios of IGF-II to IGFBP-3 and (IGF-I + IGF-II) to IGFBP-3.

View larger version (24K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
|
Fig. 1. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)
versus insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3),
controlling for age, in a prospective study of colorectal cancer among
men. After controlling for age and IGFBP-3, the mean level of IGF-I was
higher among case subjects (198.7 ng/mL) than among control subjects
(186.8 ng/mL) (two-sided P = .02 [analysis of covariance]).
|
|
Table 2,
A, shows associations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with risk of
colorectal cancer after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, BMI, and alcohol intake. Similar
but slightly weaker associations were observed in models controlling only for age and smoking
status. In separate models including only IGF-I or IGFBP-3, IGF-I was positively but not
statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer, with no obvious trend.
Similarly, only men in the highest quintile of IGFBP-3 had a statistically significantly lower risk
(by 53%) than men in the lowest quintile. When IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were mutually
adjusted in the same model to evaluate their independent effects, we found that IGF-I was
positively and IGFBP-3 was inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer, with statistically
significant linear trends. An increase in IGF-I level of 100 ng/mL corresponded to a 69%
increase in risk (RR = 1.69 per 100 ng/mL; 95% CI = 1.07-2.67). An
increase in IGFBP-3 level of 1000 ng/mL corresponded to a 46% decrease in risk (RR
= 0.54 per 1000 ng/mL; 95% CI = 0.34-0.84). Men with higher molar ratio
of IGF-I to IGFBP-3 also had higher risk. The RRs for the highest four quintiles of the molar
ratio compared with the lowest quintile were 0.93, 1.49, 1.38, and 1.67 (P for trend
= .02). Plasma IGF-II levels, with or without adjustment for IGFBP-3, were not
associated with risk.
To assess the possibility of an effect of preclinical disease on IGF levels, we stratified the
analysis according to the follow-up interval, years 1-7 versus years 8-14 (Table 2
, B). We found similar results in both periods. Indeed, the dose-response associations
of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with cancer risk were more apparent among case subjects diagnosed after
7 years of follow-up. Analyses of the associations among colon cancer and rectal cancer
separately revealed no statistically significant differences. For colon cancer, the RR for the fifth
versus the first quintile of IGF-I was 2.06 (95% CI = 0.85-5.00); for IGFBP-3, the
RR was 0.39 (95% CI = 0.16-0.97). Because of the small number of case subjects,
we analyzed rectal cancer by tertiles: the RR for the highest versus the lowest tertile was 2.33 for
IGF-I (95% CI = 0.47-11.44) and 0.11 for IGFBP-3 (95% CI =
0.02-0.78).
Men under the age of 60 years had statistically significantly higher levels of IGF-I and
IGFBP-3 than older men. In the control group, younger men had higher levels of IGF-I than older
men (196 ± 53 ng/mL [mean ± standard deviation] versus 171
± 59 ng/mL [P<.001]), and younger men had higher levels of
IGFBP-3 than older men (3173 ± 627 ng/mL [mean ± standard
deviation] versus 2768 ± 624 ng/mL [P<.0001]). However,
the positive association between IGF-I and risk was similar among men in both age groups. An
increase in IGF-I of 100 ng/mL corresponded to an 82%-92% increase in risk (for
younger men, RR = 1.92 per 100 ng/mL [95% CI = 1.02-3.62];
for older men, RR = 1.82 per 100 ng/mL [95% CI =
0.91-3.67]). The inverse association between IGFBP-3 and risk was also similar in the two
age groups. An increase in IGFBP-3 of 1000 ng/mL corresponded to a 49%-51%
decrease in risk (for younger men, RR = 0.51 per 1000 ng/mL [95% CI
= 0.27-0.94]; for older men, RR = 0.49 per 1000 ng/mL [95%
CI = 0.24-1.00]). Among participants in the overall Physicians' Health Study
or in this nested case-control study, treatment with aspirin or ß-carotene had no effect on the
incidence of colorectal cancer (28,31). The apparent association between
IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and colorectal cancer was similar in different treatment groups.
Assessment of the combined effect of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in association with colorectal
cancer risk showed a fourfold increase in risk among men in the highest tertile of IGF-I and
lowest tertile of IGFBP-3 compared with men in the lowest tertiles of both IGF-I and IGFBP-3
(Table 3).
Elevated IGF-I levels were associated with increased risk only
when IGFBP-3 levels were low, which suggests a possible interaction (Pinteraction = .09).
View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
|
Table 3. Relative risk (RR)* of
colorectal cancer according to tertiles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like
growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in a prospective study of men
|
|
 |
DISCUSSION
|
---|
Our prospective data support the hypothesis that high prediagnostic
IGF-I and low IGFBP-3 levels are independently associated with
increased risk of colorectal cancer. Men with high levels of IGF-I and
low levels of IGFBP-3 had the highest risk. Our findings suggest that
circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels have stronger associations with
colorectal cancer than most factors yet described. Although familial
colon cancer syndromes are associated with higher risk of colorectal
neoplasia, they are relevant to only a relatively small number of
individuals. The relatively large study size, prospective design,
unbiased selection of control subjects, high follow-up rate, and
collection of blood samples before diagnosis are major strengths of
this investigation. Furthermore, the consistency of associations
throughout the duration of the follow-up indicates that they are likely
to precede rather than be a consequence of the cancer. We also
carefully controlled for age, a strong confounding factor, in assessing
the association of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with colorectal cancer risk. Our
results among men are strikingly consistent with findings in women in
the Nurses' Health Study (Giovannucci E, Pollak MN, Platz EA, Willett
WC, Stampfer MJ, Majeed N, et al.: unpublished results).
We had only a single baseline plasma sample to characterize long-term levels of circulating
IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 are mainly synthesized by the liver
and are secreted as soon as they are synthesized (2,20). The half-life for
circulating IGFs carried by IGFBPs (mainly by IGFBP-3) is between 12 and 15 hours, but it is
only 10 and 12 minutes for the free peptides (32). However, plasma
levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are
generally reliable and not affected by the methods of blood sample collection (26). Single measures of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 have shown reasonable correlation with
numerous physiologic parameters (age, sex, adolescent rate of growth [height], and
age at puberty), thus supporting the usefulness of the measure (30,33,34).
We observed a correlation of .65 for repeated measurements of IGF-I over an 8-week period (26), a correlation similar to that of the measurements of blood pressure
and plasma cholesterol. Since any misclassification of true circulating levels is likely to be
independent of disease status, our results may underestimate the true associations of long-term
IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels with colorectal cancer risk.
Our results are biologically plausible. Individuals with high IGF bioactivity may have an
increased proliferation rate of normal or partially transformed epithelial cells, which may favor
the accumulation of the molecular alterations that occur in colorectal carcinogenesis (35,36). At later stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, IGF physiology also may be
important, because IGFs are potent stimulators of proliferation of cultured colorectal carcinoma
cells and blockade of the IGF-I receptor inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer cells (9,11). In advanced colorectal cancer, local production of IGF-II is
common (7) and may render systemic sources of IGF-I irrelevant. IGF-I
may also induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which can promote the
progression of cancer by regulating the development of new blood vessels (37).
IGFBP-3 was originally considered, mainly in its role as a binding protein, to protect
circulating IGFs and deliver them to specific target tissues. At the tissue level, IGFBP-3 may
regulate the interaction of IGF-I with its receptor by inhibiting or augmenting the interaction (20). Recently, IGFBP-3 was also identified as an apoptosis-inducing
agent, acting at least in part through IGF-independent pathways. In vitro, IGF-I can
partially prevent this effect by binding to IGFBP-3 (18,38).
Patients with acromegaly have increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation (39) and are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (12-14). In this
condition, serum levels of both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were elevated in men, but the increase in
molar ratio of IGF-I to IGFBP-3 is not as dramatic as the very high absolute IGF-I levels relative
to nonacromegalics (40). The concomitant increase in IGFBP-3 and IGF-I
may explain why acromegalics have a modest rather than an extreme increase in risk of
colorectal cancer.
One small case-control study that did not measure IGFBP-3 found no statistically significant
difference in serum IGF-I levels between 29 case subjects with colorectal cancer and 159
tumor-free control subjects (41). However, since the growth
hormone/IGF-I axis can be perturbed in patients with cancer, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in
patients with advanced cancer may not reflect values early in carcinogenesis. Prediagnostic
IGF-II levels were not statistically significantly associated with subsequent risk in our study. In
another small case-control study (with 23 case subjects), circulating levels of IGF-I were not
associated with colorectal cancer, but elevated levels of IGF-II and IGFBP-2 and -3 were
observed in case subjects (42). Colorectal tumor cells frequently
overexpress IGF-II (6-8), and IGF-II and IGFBP-3 are highly correlated (r = .90 in our study). Thus, it is possible that, in advanced cancer, elevated levels
of IGF-II originate from the tumor and result in a compensatory increase in circulating IGFBP-3.
Both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 decline with age after adolescence (30,33,43). In one study (43), 40% of healthy elderly adults (age
60-88 years) had IGF-I levels of less than 100 ng/mL. It has been suggested that this change and
a decline in immune function may play an important role in aging-related tumorigenesis and that
treatment with growth hormone or IGF-I might reverse the immune deficits in humans and
primates (43,44). In our study, only about 7% of the participants
who were age 60 years and older had IGF-I levels that were less than 100 ng/mL. Our results
showed that, although both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels decrease with age, IGF-I levels are higher
among case subjects than among control subjects at each level of IGFBP-3, independent of age.
The inverse association of IGFBP-3 with cancer risk is also independent of age and IGF-I.
Furthermore, the associations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with risk were consistent among younger
and older men. Since older men had statistically significantly lower levels of IGF-I than younger
men, older men might be at even higher risk if their IGF-I levels were increased to levels
equivalent to those at a younger age. This finding and a similar finding from our study of
circulating IGF-I levels and risk of prostate cancer (26) raise concern that
administration of growth hormone or IGF-I over long periods, as proposed for elderly men to
delay the effects of aging (44), may be associated with increased risk of
neoplasia. Further work is needed to confirm these results, to better understand the determinants
of circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, to evaluate the feasibility of identifying individuals
with high risk of colorectal cancer based on circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels, and to
investigate potential lifestyle or pharmacologic approaches to decreasing IGF-I bioactivity in
high-risk populations.
 |
NOTES
|
---|
Supported by Public Health Service grants CA42182, CA40360, and CA78293 from the
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human
Services; and by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada (M. Pollak).
We thank the participants of the Physicians' Health Study for their cooperation and
participation. We also thank Kathryn Starzyk, Rachel Adams, Xiaoyang Liu, and Stefanie Parker
for their expert and unfailing assistance.
 |
REFERENCES
|
---|
1
Cohick WS, Clemmons DR. The insulin-like growth factors. Annu Rev Physiol 1993;55:131-53.[Medline]
2
Macaulay VM. Insulin-like growth factors and cancer. Br J
Cancer 1992;65:311-20.[Medline]
3
LeRoith D, Baserga R, Helman L, Roberts CT Jr. Insulin-like
growth factors and cancer. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:54-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
4
Koenuma M, Yamori T, Tsuruo T. Insulin and insulin-like
growth factor 1 stimulate proliferation of metastatic variants of colon carcinoma 26. Jpn J
Cancer Res 1989;80:51-8.[Medline]
5
Pollak MN, Perdue JF, Margolese RG, Baer K, Richard M.
Presence of somatomedin receptors on primary human breast and colon carcinomas. Cancer Lett 1987;38:223-30.[Medline]
6
Lambert S, Collette J, Gillis J, Franchimont P, Desaive C,
Gol-Winkler R. Tumor IGF-II content in a patient with a colon adenocarcinoma correlates with
abnormal expression of the gene. Int J Cancer 1991;48:826-30.[Medline]
7
Zhang L, Zhou W, Velculescu VE, Kern SE, Hruban RH,
Hamilton SR, et al. Gene expression profiles in normal and cancer cells. Science 1997;276:1268-72.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
8
Culouscou JM, Remacle-Bonnet M, Garrouste F, Fantini J,
Marvaldi J, Pommier G. Production of insulin-like-growth factor II (IGF-II) and different forms
of IGF-binding proteins by HT-29 human colon cancer carcinoma cell line. J Cell Physiol 1990;143:405-15.[Medline]
9
Lahm H, Suardet L, Laurent PL, Fischer JR, Ceyhan A, Givel JC,
et al. Growth regulation and co-stimulation of human colorectal cancer cell lines by insulin-like
growth factor I, II and transforming growth factor alpha. Br J Cancer 1992;65:341-6.[Medline]
10
Remacle-Bonnet M, Garrouste F, el Atiq F, Roccabianca M,
Marvaldi J, Pommier G. des-(1-3)-IGF-I, an insulin-like growth factor analog used to mimic a
potential IGF-II autocrine loop, promotes the differentiation of human colon-carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 1992;52:910-7.[Medline]
11
Lahm H, Amstad P, Wyniger J, Yilmaz A, Fischer JR, Schreyer
M, et al. Blockade of the insulin-like growth-factor-I receptor inhibits growth of human
colorectal cancer cells: evidence of a functional IGF-II-mediated autocrine loop. Int J
Cancer 1994;58:452-9.[Medline]
12
Brunner JE, Johnson CC, Zafar S, Peterson EL, Brunner JF,
Mellinger RC. Colon cancer and polyps in acromegaly: increased risk associated with family
history of colon cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990;32:65-71.[Medline]
13
Ron E, Gridley G, Hrubec Z, Page W, Arora S, Fraumeni JF Jr.
Acromegaly and gastrointestinal cancer [published erratum appears in Cancer
1992;69:549]. Cancer 1991;68:1673-7.[Medline]
14
Jenkins PJ, Fairclough PD, Richards T, Lowe DG, Monson J,
Grossman A, et al. Acromegaly, colonic polyps and carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;47:17-22.[Medline]
15
Le Roith D. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center. Insulin-like growth factors. N Engl J Med 1997;336:663-40.[Free Full Text]
16
Pommier G, Garrouste F, el Atiq F, Marvaldi J,
Remacle-Bonnet M. Potential role of IGFBPS in the regulation of the differentiation state of
human colonic carcinoma cells. Growth Regul 1993;3:80-2.[Medline]
17
Michell NP, Dent S, Langman MJ, Eggo MC. Insulin-like
growth factor binding proteins as mediators of IGF-I effects on colon cancer cell proliferation. Growth Factors 1997;14:269-77.[Medline]
18
Rajah R, Valentinis B, Cohen P. Insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-binding protein-3 induces apoptosis and mediates the effects of transforming growth
factor-ß1 on programmed cell death through a p53- and IGF-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 1997;272:12181-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
19
Ranke MB, Elmlinger M. Functional role of insulin-like growth
factor binding proteins. Horm Res 1997;48 Suppl 4:9-15.[Medline]
20
Kelley KM, Oh Y, Gargosky SE, Gucev Z, Matsumoto T, Hwa
V, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their regulatory dynamics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1996;28:619-37.[Medline]
21
Jones JI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their
binding proteins: biological actions. Endocr Rev 1995;16:3-34.[Medline]
22
Pollak M, Costantino J, Polychronakos C, Blauer SA, Guyda H,
Redmond C, et al. Effect of tamoxifen on serum insulin-like growth factor I levels in stage I
breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1693-7.[Abstract]
23
Huynh H, Yang X, Pollak M. Estradiol and antiestrogens
regulate a growth inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 autocrine loop in human
breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 1996;271:1016-21.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
24
Singh P, Dai B, Yallampalli U, Lu X, Schroy PC. Proliferation
and differentiation of a human colon cancer cell line (CaCo2) is associated with statistically
significant changes in the expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) IGF-II and
IGF binding protein-4: role of IGF-II. Endocrinology 1996;137:1764-74.[Abstract]
25
Singh P, Dai B, Yallampalli U, Xu Z. Expression of IGF-II and
IGF-binding proteins by colon cancer cells in relation to growth response to IGFs. Am J
Physiol 1994;267(4 Pt 1):G608-17.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
26
Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Gann PH, Ma J,
Wilkinson CH, et al. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: a prospective
study. Science 1998;279:563-6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
27
Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Michaud
DS, Deroo B, et al. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast
cancer. Lancet 1998;351:1393-6.[Medline]
28
Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, Stampfer M, Rosner B,
Cook NR, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence
of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
29
SAS Institute I. SAS/STATR User's Guide Version 6.
Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 1989.
30
Juul A, Dalgaard P, Blum WF, Bang P, Hall K, Michaelson KF,
et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in healthy
infants, children, and adolescents: the relation to IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, age, sex,
body mass index, and pubertal maturation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:2534-42.[Abstract]
31
Gann PH, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Hennekens CH.
Low-dose aspirin and incidence of colorectal tumors in a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer
Inst 1993;85:1220-4.[Abstract]
32
Guler HP, Zapf J, Schmid C, Froesch ER. Insulin-like growth
factors I and II in healthy men. Estimations of half-lives and production rates. Acta
Endocrinol (Copenh) 1989;121:753-8.[Medline]
33
Juul A, Bang P, Hertel NT, Main K, Dalgaard P, Jorgensen K,
et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults:
relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:744-52.[Abstract]
34
Goodman-Gruen D, Barrett-Connor E. Epidemiology of
insulin-like growth factor-I in elderly men and women. The Rancho Bernardo Study
[published erratum appears in Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:357]. Am J
Epidemiol 1997;145: 970-6.[Abstract]
35
Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger
AC, Leppert M, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J
Med 1988;319:525-32.[Abstract]
36
Cohen SM, Ellwein LB. Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis. Science 1990;249:1007-11.[Medline]
37
Warren RS, Yuan H, Matli MR, Ferrara N, Donner DB.
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by insulin-like growth factor 1 in colorectal
carcinoma. J Biol Chem 1996;271:29483-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
38
Buckbinder L, Talbott R, Velasco-Miguel S, Takenada I, Faha
B, Seizinger BR, et al. Induction of the growth inhibitor IGFbinding protein 3 by p53. Nature 1995;377: 646-9.[Medline]
39
Cats A, Dullaart R, Kleibeuker JH, Kuipers F, Sluiter WJ,
Hardonk MJ, et al. Increased epithelial cell proliferation in the colon of patients with acromegaly.Cancer Res
1996;56: 523-6.[Abstract]
40
Juul A, Main K, Blum WF, Lindholm J, Ranke MB,
Skakkebaek NE. The ratio between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and the
IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1, 2 and 3) decreases with age in healthy adults and is increased in
acromegalic patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;41:85-93.[Medline]
41
Glass AR, Kikendall JW, Sobin LH, Bowen PE. Serum
concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 in colonic neoplasia. Acta Oncol 1994;33:70-1.[Medline]
42
el Atiq F, Garrouste F, Remacle-Bonnet M, Sastre B, Pommier
G. Alterations in serum levels of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like
growth-factor-binding proteins in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 1994;57:491-7.[Medline]
43
Gelato MC. Aging and immune function: a possible role for
growth hormone. Horm Res 1996;45:46-9.[Medline]
44
Rudman D, Feller AG, Nagraj HS, Gergans GA, Lalitha PY,
Goldberg AF, et al. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J
Med 1990;323:1-6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Manuscript received October 14, 1998;
revised January 25, 1999;
accepted February 2, 1999.
This article has been cited by other articles in HighWire Press-hosted journals:
-
Wei, E. K., Ma, J., Pollak, M. N., Rifai, N., Fuchs, C. S., Hankinson, S. E., Giovannucci, E.
(2006). C-Peptide, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, and the Risk of Distal Colorectal Adenoma in Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
15: 750-755
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Zanardi, S, Serrano, D, Argusti, A, Barile, M, Puntoni, M, Decensi, A
(2006). Clinical trials with retinoids for breast cancer chemoprevention. Endocr Relat Cancer
13: 51-68
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
van Dijk, M., Mulder, P., Houdijk, M., Mulder, J., Noordam, K., Odink, R. J., Rongen-Westerlaken, C., Voorhoeve, P., Waelkens, J., Stokvis-Brantsma, J., Hokken-Koelega, A.
(2006). High Serum Levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) during High-Dose GH Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
91: 1390-1396
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Haydon, A M M, MacInnis, R J, English, D R, Morris, H, Giles, G G
(2006). Physical activity, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and survival from colorectal cancer. Gut
55: 689-694
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Cleveland, R. J., Gammon, M. D., Edmiston, S. N., Teitelbaum, S. L., Britton, J. A., Terry, M. B., Eng, S. M., Neugut, A. I., Santella, R. M., Conway, K.
(2006). IGF1 CA repeat polymorphisms, lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. Carcinogenesis
27: 758-765
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
He, G., Sung, Y. M., DiGiovanni, J., Fischer, S. M.
(2006). Thiazolidinediones Inhibit Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Induced Activation of p70S6 Kinase and Suppress Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Tumor-Promoting Activity. Cancer Res
66: 1873-1878
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Zhang, S, Li, X, Burghardt, R, Smith, R III, Safe, S H
(2005). Role of estrogen receptor (ER) {alpha} in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-induced responses in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Mol Endocrinol
35: 433-447
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jenkins, P J, Khalaf, S, Ogunkolade, W, McCarthy, K, David, T, Hands, R E, Davies, D, Bustin, S A
(2005). Differential expression of IGF-binding protein-3 in normal and malignant colon and its influence on apoptosis. Endocr Relat Cancer
12: 891-901
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Larsson, S. C., Orsini, N., Wolk, A.
(2005). Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst
97: 1679-1687
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Menon, V., Greene, T., Pereira, A. A., Wang, X., Beck, G. J., Kusek, J. W., Collins, A. J., Levey, A. S., Sarnak, M. J.
(2005). Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Mortality in Patients with Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol
16: 3411-3417
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Canzian, F., McKay, J. D., Cleveland, R. J., Dossus, L., Biessy, C., Boillot, C., Rinaldi, S., Llewellyn, M., Chajes, V., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Tehard, B., Chang-Claude, J., Linseisen, J., Lahmann, P. H., Pischon, T., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulou, A., Zilis, D., Palli, D., Tumino, R., Vineis, P., Berrino, F., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., van Gils, C. H., Peeters, P. H.M., Pera, G., Barricarte, A., Chirlaque, M.-D., Quiros, J. R., Larranaga, N., Martinez-Garcia, C., Allen, N. E., Key, T. J., Bingham, S. A., Khaw, K.-T., Slimani, N., Norat, T., Riboli, E., Kaaks, R.
(2005). Genetic Variation in the Growth Hormone Synthesis Pathway in Relation to Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3, and Breast Cancer Risk: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 2316-2325
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Keku, T. O., Lund, P. K., Galanko, J., Simmons, J. G., Woosley, J. T., Sandler, R. S.
(2005). Insulin Resistance, Apoptosis, and Colorectal Adenoma Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 2076-2081
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wang, Y., Hailey, J., Williams, D., Wang, Y., Lipari, P., Malkowski, M., Wang, X., Xie, L., Li, G., Saha, D., Ling, W. L. W., Cannon-Carlson, S., Greenberg, R., Ramos, R. A., Shields, R., Presta, L., Brams, P., Bishop, W. R., Pachter, J. A.
(2005). Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling and tumor cell growth by a fully human neutralizing anti-IGF-IR antibody. Mol Cancer Ther
4: 1214-1221
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Fenton, J. I., Hord, N. G., Lavigne, J. A., Perkins, S. N., Hursting, S. D.
(2005). Leptin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 Are Mitogens in ApcMin/+ but not Apc+/+ Colonic Epithelial Cell Lines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1646-1652
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Gibney, J., Johannsson, G., Leung, K.-C., Ho, K. K. Y.
(2005). Comparison of the Metabolic Effects of Raloxifene and Oral Estrogen in Postmenopausal and Growth Hormone-Deficient Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
90: 3897-3903
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Meyerhardt, J. A., Sloan, J. A., Sargent, D. J., Goldberg, R. M., Pollak, M., Morton, R. F., Ramanathan, R. K., Williamson, S. K., Findlay, B. P., Fuchs, C. S.
(2005). Associations between Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Proteins and C-Peptide and Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1402-1410
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Morimoto, L. M., Newcomb, P. A., White, E., Bigler, J., Potter, J. D.
(2005). Variation in Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3: Genetic Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1394-1401
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Otake, S., Takeda, H., Suzuki, Y., Fukui, T., Watanabe, S., Ishihama, K., Saito, T., Togashi, H., Nakamura, T., Matsuzawa, Y., Kawata, S.
(2005). Association of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Plasma Adiponectin with Colorectal Adenoma: Evidence for Participation of Insulin Resistance. Clin Cancer Res
11: 3642-3646
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E., Wilkens, L. R.
(2005). Association of an Exon 1 Polymorphism in the IGFBP3 Gene with Circulating IGFBP-3 Levels and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1319-1321
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Diorio, C., Pollak, M., Byrne, C., Masse, B., Hebert-Croteau, N., Yaffe, M., Cote, G., Berube, S., Morin, C., Brisson, J.
(2005). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, IGF-Binding Protein-3, and Mammographic Breast Density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1065-1073
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Morimoto, L. M., Newcomb, P. A., White, E., Bigler, J., Potter, J. D.
(2005). Insulin-like Growth Factor Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1204-1211
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Min, Y, Adachi, Y, Yamamoto, H, Imsumran, A, Arimura, Y, Endo, T, Hinoda, Y, Lee, C-T, Nadaf, S, Carbone, D P, Imai, K
(2005). Insulin-like growth factor I receptor blockade enhances chemotherapy and radiation responses and inhibits tumour growth in human gastric cancer xenografts. Gut
54: 591-600
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wei, E. K., Ma, J., Pollak, M. N., Rifai, N., Fuchs, C. S., Hankinson, S. E., Giovannucci, E.
(2005). A Prospective Study of C-Peptide, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 850-855
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Weale, A R, Edwards, A G, Bailey, M, Lear, P A
(2005). Intestinal adaptation after massive intestinal resection. Postgrad Med J
81: 178-184
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Kawachi, S.-i., Takeda, N., Sasaki, A., Kokubo, Y., Takami, K., Sarui, H., Hayashi, M., Yamakita, N., Yasuda, K.
(2005). Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Are Associated With Early Carotid Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
25: 617-621
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Ibrahim, Y. H., Yee, D.
(2005). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Breast Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res
11: 944s-950s
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Ishikawa, M., Kitayama, J., Kazama, S., Hiramatsu, T., Hatano, K., Nagawa, H.
(2005). Plasma Adiponectin and Gastric Cancer. Clin Cancer Res
11: 466-472
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Voskuil, D. W., Vrieling, A., van't Veer, L. J., Kampman, E., Rookus, M. A.
(2005). The Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Cancer Prevention: Potential of Dietary Intervention Strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 195-203
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Limburg, P. J., Anderson, K. E., Johnson, T. W., Jacobs, D. R. Jr., Lazovich, D., Hong, C.-P., Nicodemus, K. K., Folsom, A. R.
(2005). Diabetes Mellitus and Subsite-Specific Colorectal Cancer Risks in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 133-137
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Rinaldi, S., Kaaks, R., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Arslan, A. A., Shore, R. E., Koenig, K. L., Dossus, L., Riboli, E., Stattin, P., Lukanova, A., Toniolo, P.
(2005). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, IGF Binding Protein-3, and Breast Cancer in Young Women: A Comparison of Risk Estimates Using Different Peptide Assays. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 48-52
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wong, H.-L., DeLellis, K., Probst-Hensch, N., Koh, W.-P., Van Den Berg, D., Lee, H.-P., Yu, M. C., Ingles, S. A.
(2005). A New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulatory Region Associates with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Singapore Chinese. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 144-151
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Baik, I., DeVito, W. J., Ballen, K., Becker, P. S., Okulicz, W., Liu, Q., Delpapa, E., Lagiou, P., Sturgeon, S., Trichopoulos, D., Quesenberry, P. J., Hsieh, C.-C.
(2005). Association of Fetal Hormone Levels with Stem Cell Potential: Evidence for Early Life Roots of Human Cancer. Cancer Res
65: 358-363
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Terzolo, M., Reimondo, G., Gasperi, M., Cozzi, R., Pivonello, R., Vitale, G., Scillitani, A., Attanasio, R., Cecconi, E., Daffara, F., Gaia, E., Martino, E., Lombardi, G., Angeli, A., Colao, A.
(2005). Colonoscopic Screening and Follow-Up in Patients with Acromegaly: A Multicenter Study in Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
90: 84-90
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Gapstur, S. M., Kopp, P., Chiu, B. C-H., Gann, P. H., Colangelo, L. A., Liu, K.
(2004). Longitudinal Associations of Age, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors with Serum Total Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and IGF Binding Protein-3 Levels in Black and White Men: the CARDIA Male Hormone Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 2208-2216
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Roberts, C. K., Barnard, R. J.
(2005). Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease. J. Appl. Physiol.
98: 3-30
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Patel, A. C., Nunez, N. P., Perkins, S. N., Barrett, J. C., Hursting, S. D.
(2004). Effects of Energy Balance on Cancer in Genetically Altered Mice. J. Nutr.
134: 3394S-3398S
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
van der Lely, A J
(2004). Justified and unjustified use of growth hormone. Postgrad Med J
80: 577-580
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Pold, M., Krysan, K., Pold, A., Dohadwala, M., Heuze-Vourc'h, N., Mao, J. T., Riedl, K. L., Sharma, S., Dubinett, S. M.
(2004). Cyclooxygenase-2 Modulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res
64: 6549-6555
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
DeLellis, K., Rinaldi, S., Kaaks, R. J., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B., Le Marchand, L.
(2004). Dietary and Lifestyle Correlates of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3): The Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 1444-1451
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hursting, S. D., Lavigne, J. A., Berrigan, D., Donehower, L. A., Davis, B. J., Phang, J. M., Barrett, J. C., Perkins, S. N.
(2004). Diet-Gene Interactions in p53-Deficient Mice: Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 as a Mechanistic Target. J. Nutr.
134: 2482S-2486S
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Harman, S. M., Blackman, M. R.
(2004). Hormones and Supplements: Do They Work?: Use of Growth Hormone for Prevention or Treatment of Effects of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
59: B652-B658
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Stattin, P., Rinaldi, S., Biessy, C., Stenman, U.-H., Hallmans, G., Kaaks, R.
(2004). High Levels of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Increase Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study in a Population-Based Nonscreened Cohort. J Clin Oncol
22: 3104-3112
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hoppe, C., Rovenna Udam, T., Lauritzen, L., Molgaard, C., Juul, A., Fleischer Michaelsen, K.
(2004). Animal protein intake, serum insulin-like growth factor I, and growth in healthy 2.5-y-old Danish children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
80: 447-452
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Slattery, M. L., Samowitz, W., Curtin, K., Ma, K. N., Hoffman, M., Caan, B., Neuhausen, S.
(2004). Associations among IRS1, IRS2, IGF1, and IGFBP3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 1206-1214
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wu, X., Zhao, H., Do, K.-A., Johnson, M. M., Dong, Q., Hong, W. K., Spitz, M. R.
(2004). Serum Levels of Insulin Growth Factor (IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein Predict Risk of Second Primary Tumors in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res
10: 3988-3995
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Coughlin, S. S., Calle, E. E., Teras, L. R., Petrelli, J., Thun, M. J.
(2004). Diabetes Mellitus as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality in a Large Cohort of US Adults. Am. J. Epidemiol.
159: 1160-1167
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bingham, S., Luben, R., Welch, A., Day, N.
(2004). Preliminary Communication: Glycated Hemoglobin, Diabetes, and Incident Colorectal Cancer in Men and Women: A Prospective Analysis from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 915-919
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Oh, J. C., Wu, W., Tortolero-Luna, G., Broaddus, R., Gershenson, D. M., Burke, T. W., Schmandt, R., Lu, K. H.
(2004). Increased Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Are Associated with Endometrial Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 748-752
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Carlo-Stella, C., Di Nicola, M., Milani, R., Guidetti, A., Magni, M., Milanesi, M., Longoni, P., Matteucci, P., Formelli, F., Ravagnani, F., Corradini, P., Gianni, A. M.
(2004). Use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) plus recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for the mobilization and collection of CD34+ cells in poor mobilizers. Blood
103: 3287-3295
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Muller, A. F., Kopchick, J. J., Flyvbjerg, A., van der Lely, A. J.
(2004). Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
89: 1503-1511
[Full Text]
-
Ma, J., Giovannucci, E., Pollak, M., Leavitt, A., Tao, Y., Gaziano, J. M., Stampfer, M. J.
(2004). A Prospective Study of Plasma C-Peptide and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men. J Natl Cancer Inst
96: 546-553
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B, Liu, Y., Willett, W. C
(2004). Height, predictors of C-peptide and cancer risk in men. Int. J. Epidemiol.
33: 217-225
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Salih, D. A. M., Tripathi, G., Holding, C., Szestak, T. A. M., Gonzalez, M. I., Carter, E. J., Cobb, L. J., Eisemann, J. E., Pell, J. M.
(2004). Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (Igfbp5) compromises survival, growth, muscle development, and fertility in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
101: 4314-4319
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z., Limburg, P., Pollak, M., Taylor, P. R., Virtamo, J., Albanes, D.
(2004). Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-1, IGF-Binding Protein-3, and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
13: 438-444
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Chlebowski, R. T., Wactawski-Wende, J., Ritenbaugh, C., Hubbell, F. A., Ascensao, J., Rodabough, R. J., Rosenberg, C. A., Taylor, V. M., Harris, R., Chen, C., Adams-Campbell, L. L., White, E., the Women's Health Initiative Investigators,
(2004). Estrogen plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. NEJM
350: 991-1004
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Meyerhardt, J. A., Tepper, J. E., Niedzwiecki, D., Hollis, D. R., McCollum, A. D., Brady, D., O'Connell, M. J., Mayer, R. J., Cummings, B., Willett, C., Macdonald, J. S., Benson, A. B. III, Fuchs, C. S.
(2004). Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes and Treatment-Related Toxicity in Patients With Stage II and III Rectal Cancer: Findings From Intergroup Trial 0114. J Clin Oncol
22: 648-657
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Colao, A., Ferone, D., Marzullo, P., Lombardi, G.
(2004). Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management. Endocr Rev
25: 102-152
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Miyamoto, S.'i., Yano, K., Sugimoto, S., Ishii, G., Hasebe, T., Endoh, Y., Kodama, K., Goya, M., Chiba, T., Ochiai, A.
(2004). Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Facilitates Insulin-Like Growth Factor Bioavailability through Its Proteinase Activity on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3. Cancer Res
64: 665-671
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Decensi, A., Veronesi, U., Miceli, R., Johansson, H., Mariani, L., Camerini, T., Di Mauro, M. G., Cavadini, E., De Palo, G., Costa, A., Perloff, M., Malone, W. F., Formelli, F.
(2003). Relationships between Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 and Second Breast Cancer Risk in a Prevention Trial of Fenretinide. Clin Cancer Res
9: 4722-4729
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Min, Y., Adachi, Y., Yamamoto, H., Ito, H., Itoh, F., Lee, C.-T., Nadaf, S., Carbone, D. P., Imai, K.
(2003). Genetic Blockade of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor: A Promising Strategy for Human Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res
63: 6432-6441
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Skalkidou, A., Petridou, E., Papathoma, E., Salvanos, H., Kedikoglou, S., Chrousos, G., Trichopoulos, D.
(2003). Determinants and Consequences of Major Insulin-like Growth Factor Components among Full-Term Healthy Neonates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
12: 860-865
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wu, X., Tortolero-Luna, G., Zhao, H., Phatak, D., Spitz, M. R., Follen, M.
(2003). Serum Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Risk of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix. Clin Cancer Res
9: 3356-3361
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Maloney, E. K., McLaughlin, J. L., Dagdigian, N. E., Garrett, L. M., Connors, K. M., Zhou, X.-M., Blattler, W. A., Chittenden, T., Singh, R.
(2003). An Anti-Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Antibody That Is a Potent Inhibitor of Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancer Res
63: 5073-5083
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Nomura, A. M. Y., Stemmermann, G. N., Lee, J., Pollak, M. N.
(2003). Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer among Japanese-American Men. Am. J. Epidemiol.
158: 424-431
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Probst-Hensch, N. M., Wang, H., Goh, V. H. H., Seow, A., Lee, H.-P., Yu, M. C.
(2003). Determinants of Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations in a Cohort of Singapore Men and Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
12: 739-746
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wu, Y., Cui, K., Miyoshi, K., Hennighausen, L., Green, J. E., Setser, J., LeRoith, D., Yakar, S.
(2003). Reduced Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I Levels Delay the Onset of Chemically and Genetically Induced Mammary Tumors. Cancer Res
63: 4384-4388
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Kim, E. J., Kang, I.-J., Cho, H. J., Kim, W. K., Ha, Y.-L., Park, J. H. Y.
(2003). Conjugated Linoleic Acid Downregulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Levels in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells. J. Nutr.
133: 2675-2681
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wetterau, L. A., Francis, M. J., Ma, L., Cohen, P.
(2003). Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Stimulates Telomerase Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
88: 3354-3359
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Saydah, S. H., Loria, C. M., Eberhardt, M. S., Brancati, F. L.
(2003). Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and the Risk of Cancer Death in the United States. Am. J. Epidemiol.
157: 1092-1100
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Saydah, S. H., Platz, E. A., Rifai, N., Pollak, M. N., Brancati, F. L., Helzlsouer, K. J.
(2003). Association of Markers of Insulin and Glucose Control with Subsequent Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
12: 412-418
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Skinner, H. G., Michaud, D. S., Colditz, G. A., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Fuchs, C. S.
(2003). Parity, Reproductive Factors, and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
12: 433-438
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Komninou, D., Ayonote, A., Richie, J. P. Jr., Rigas, B.
(2003). Insulin Resistance and Its Contribution to Colon Carcinogenesis. Exp Biol Med
228: 396-405
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Su, E. J., Cioffi, C. L., Stefansson, S., Mittereder, N., Garay, M., Hreniuk, D., Liau, G.
(2003). Gene therapy vector-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factors protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and enhances neovascularization. Am. J. Physiol.
284: H1429-1440
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
van Pareren, Y. K., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., Stijnen, T., Sas, T. C. J., Jansen, M., Otten, B. J., Hoorweg-Nijman, J. J. G., Vulsma, T., Stokvis-Brantsma, W. H., Rouwe, C. W., Reeser, H. M., Gerver, W.-J., Gosen, J. J., Rongen-Westerlaken, C., Drop, S. L. S.
(2003). Final Height in Girls with Turner Syndrome after Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment in Three Dosages and Low Dose Estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
88: 1119-1125
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Burroughs, K. D., Oh, J., Barrett, J. C., DiAugustine, R. P.
(2003). Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Mek1/2 Are Necessary for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Synthesis in Prostate Epithelial Cells: A Role for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1?. Mol Cancer Res
1: 312-322
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Meyerhardt, J. A., Catalano, P. J., Haller, D. G., Mayer, R. J., Macdonald, J. S., Benson, A. B. III, Fuchs, C. S.
(2003). Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes in Patients With Colon Cancer. J Clin Oncol
21: 433-440
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Cook, D. M.
(2002). Shouldn't Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Be Offered Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy?. Ann Intern Med
137: 197-201
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hailey, J., Maxwell, E., Koukouras, K., Bishop, W. R., Pachter, J. A., Wang, Y.
(2002). Neutralizing Anti-Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor 1 Antibodies Inhibit Receptor Function and Induce Receptor Degradation in Tumor Cells. Mol Cancer Ther
1: 1349-1353
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Schmitz, K. H., Ahmed, R. L., Yee, D.
(2002). Effects of a 9-Month Strength Training Intervention on Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding Protein (IGFBP)-1, and IGFBP-3 in 30-50-Year-Old Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 1597-1604
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Spitz, M. R., Barnett, M. J., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Wu, X., Pollak, M.
(2002). Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) and IGF-binding Protein Levels and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study Nested in the {beta}-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 1413-1418
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Friedenreich, C. M., Orenstein, M. R.
(2002). Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Etiologic Evidence and Biological Mechanisms. J. Nutr.
132: 3456S-3464
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Willis, D. B., Colburn, N. H.
(2002). Molecular Targets for Cancer Prevention: A Meeting Review of the Third American Cancer Society-Schilling Research Conference. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 972-978
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Okasha, M, McCarron, P, McEwen, J, Smith, G D.
(2002). Body mass index in young adulthood and cancer mortality: a retrospective cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health
56: 780-784
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jenkins, P J, Fairclough, P D
(2002). Screening guidelines for colorectal cancer and polyps in patients with acromegaly. Gut
51: v13-14
[Full Text]
-
Sandhu, M. S., Luben, R., Day, N. E., Khaw, K.-T.
(2002). Self-Reported Birth Weight and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 935-938
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hunt, K. J., Toniolo, P., Akhmedkhanov, A., Lukanova, A., Dechaud, H., Rinaldi, S., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Shore, R. E., Riboli, E., Kaaks, R.
(2002). Insulin-like Growth Factor II and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 901-905
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Holmes, M. D., Pollak, M. N., Willett, W. C., Hankinson, S. E.
(2002). Dietary Correlates of Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 852-861
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Holmes, M. D., Pollak, M. N., Hankinson, S. E.
(2002). Lifestyle Correlates of Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 862-867
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Teramukai, S., Rohan, T., Eguchi, H., Oda, T., Shinchi, K., Kono, S.
(2002). Anthropometric and Behavioral Correlates of Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Middle-aged Japanese Men. Am. J. Epidemiol.
156: 344-348
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Chang, S., Wu, X., Yu, H., Spitz, M. R.
(2002). Plasma Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factors among Healthy Adult Men and Postmenopausal Women: Associations with Body Composition, Lifestyle, and Reproductive Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 758-766
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Chan, J. M., Stampfer, M. J., Ma, J., Gann, P., Gaziano, J. M., Pollak, M., Giovannucci, E.
(2002). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 as Predictors of Advanced-Stage Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
94: 1099-1106
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Terry, P D, Miller, A B, Rohan, T E
(2002). Obesity and colorectal cancer risk in women. Gut
51: 191-194
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
KAAKS, R., LUKANOVA, A.
(2002). Effects of Weight Control and Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Role of Endogenous Hormone Metabolism. Annals NYAS Online
963: 268-281
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Sandhu, M. S., Dunger, D. B., Giovannucci, E. L.
(2002). Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Proteins, Their Biologic Interactions, and Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
94: 972-980
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Schoen, R. E., Schragin, J., Weissfeld, J. L., Thaete, F. L., Evans, R. W., Rosen, C. J., Kuller, L. H.
(2002). Lack of Association between Adipose Tissue Distribution and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Men and Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
11: 581-586
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
London, S. J., Yuan, J.-M., Travlos, G. S., Gao, Y.-T., Wilson, R. E., Ross, R. K., Yu, M. C.
(2002). Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, IGF-Binding Protein 3, and Lung Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study of Men in China. J Natl Cancer Inst
94: 749-754
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Palmqvist, R, Hallmans, G, Rinaldi, S, Biessy, C, Stenling, R, Riboli, E, Kaaks, R
(2002). Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study in northern Sweden. Gut
50: 642-646
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Le Marchand, L., Donlon, T., Seifried, A., Kaaks, R., Rinaldi, S., Wilkens, L. R.
(2002). Association of a Common Polymorphism in the Human GH1 Gene with Colorectal Neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst
94: 454-460
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hassan, A. B., Macaulay, V. M.
(2002). The insulin-like growth factor system as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol
13: 349-356
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hong, J., Zhang, G., Dong, F., Rechler, M. M.
(2002). Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-binding Protein-3 Mutants That Do Not Bind IGF-I or IGF-II Stimulate Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. J. Biol. Chem.
277: 10489-10497
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wu, Y., Yakar, S., Zhao, L., Hennighausen, L., LeRoith, D.
(2002). Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Levels Regulate Colon Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Res
62: 1030-1035
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Shariat, S. F., Lamb, D. J., Kattan, M. W., Nguyen, C., Kim, J., Beck, J., Wheeler, T. M., Slawin, K. M.
(2002). Association of Preoperative Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins-2 and -3 With Prostate Cancer Invasion, Progression, and Metastasis. J Clin Oncol
20: 833-841
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Cohen, P., Bright, G. M., Rogol, A. D., Kappelgaard, A.-M., Rosenfeld, R. G.
(2002). Effects of Dose and Gender on the Growth and Growth Factor Response to GH in GH-Deficient Children: Implications for Efficacy and Safety. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
87: 90-98
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Giovannucci, E.
(2001). Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Colon Cancer: A Review of the Evidence. J. Nutr.
131: 3109S-3120
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Reiter, E. O., Attie, K. M., Moshang, T. Jr., Silverman, B. L., Kemp, S. F., Neuwirth, R. B., Ford, K. M., Saenger, P.
(2001). A Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Sustained Release GH in the Treatment of Naive Pediatric Patients with GH Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
86: 4700-4706
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Kaaks, R., Rinaldi, S., Lukanova, A., Akhmedkhanov, A., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Toniolo, P.
(2001). Correspondence re: Giovannucci et al., A Prospective Study of Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Binding Protein-3 and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia in Women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 9: 345-349, 2000. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
10: 1103-1104
[Full Text]
-
Decensi, A., Johansson, H., Miceli, R., Mariani, L., Camerini, T., Cavadini, E., Di Mauro, M. G., Barreca, A., Gonzaga, A. G., Diani, S., Sandri, M. T., De Palo, G., Formelli, F.
(2001). Long-Term Effects of Fenretinide, a Retinoic Acid Derivative, on the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Women with Early Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
10: 1047-1053
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Ma, J., Giovannucci, E., Pollak, M., Chan, J. M., Gaziano, J. M., Willett, W., Stampfer, M. J.
(2001). Milk Intake, Circulating Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men. J Natl Cancer Inst
93: 1330-1336
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Melmed, S.
(2001). CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Acromegaly and Cancer: Not a Problem?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
86: 2929-2934
[Full Text]
-
Jenkins, P. J., Besser, M.
(2001). CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Acromegaly and Cancer: A Problem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
86: 2935-2941
[Full Text]
-
Friedenreich, C. M.
(2001). Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: From Observational to Intervention Research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
10: 287-301
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jernström, H., Deal, C., Wilkin, F., Chu, W., Tao, Y., Majeed, N., Hudson, T., Narod, S. A., Pollak, M.
(2001). Genetic and Nongenetic Factors Associated with Variation of Plasma Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 in Healthy Premenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
10: 377-384
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Janne, P. A., Mayer, R. J.
(2000). Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer. NEJM
342: 1960-1968
[Full Text]
-
Deal, C., Ma, J., Wilkin, F., Paquette, J., Rozen, F., Ge, B., Hudson, T., Stampfer, M., Pollak, M.
(2001). Novel Promoter Polymorphism in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3: Correlation with Serum Levels and Interaction with Known Regulators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
86: 1274-1280
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Bruce, W. R., Giacca, A., Medline, A.
(2000). Possible Mechanisms Relating Diet and Risk of Colon Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
9: 1271-1279
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Giovannucci, E., Pollak, M. N., Platz, E. A., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Majeed, N., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Hankinson, S. E.
(2000). A Prospective Study of Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Binding Protein-3 and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia in Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
9: 345-349
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Platz, E. A., Pollak, M. N., Rimm, E. B., Majeed, N., Tao, Y., Willett, W. C., Giovannucci, E.
(1999). Racial Variation in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Binding Protein-3 Concentrations in Middle-Aged Men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
8: 1107-1110
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Remacle-Bonnet, M. M., Garrouste, F. L., Heller, S., André, F., Marvaldi, J. L., Pommier, G. J.
(2000). Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Protects Colon Cancer Cells from Death Factor-induced Apoptosis by Potentiating Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}}-induced Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor {{kappa}}B Signaling Pathways. Cancer Res
60: 2007-2017
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Riboli, E.
(2001). The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): Plans and Progress. J. Nutr.
131: 170S-175
[Full Text]
-
Stattin, P., Bylund, A., Rinaldi, S., Biessy, C., Déchaud, H., Stenman, U.-H., Egevad, L., Riboli, E., Hallmans, G., Kaaks, R.
(2000). Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Prospective Study. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1910-1917
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Ma, J., Stampfer, M., Pollak, M.
(2000). RESPONSE: More About: Prospective Study of Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF- Binding Protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1949-1949
[Full Text]
-
Paterson, A. C., Leeding, K. S., Bach, L. A., Baldwin, G. S., Macrae, F. A., Shulkes, A.
(2000). More About: Prospective Study of Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1947a-1948
[Full Text]
-
Mauras, N., Attie, K. M., Reiter, E. O., Saenger, P., Baptista the Genentech Inc. Cooperative Study Grou, J.
(2000). High Dose Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment of GH-Deficient Patients in Puberty Increases Near-Final Height: A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
85: 3653-3660
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jenkins, P. J., Frajese, V., Jones, A-M., Camacho-Hubner, C., Lowe, D. G., Fairclough, P. D., Chew, S. L., Grossman, A. B., Monson, J. P., Besser, G. M.
(2000). Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and the Development of Colorectal Neoplasia in Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
85: 3218-3221
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Renehan, A. G., Painter, J. E., OHalloran, D., Atkin, W. S., Potten, C. S., ODwyer, S. T., Shalet, S. M.
(2000). Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor II and Colorectal Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
85: 3402-3408
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Michels, K. B., Edward Giovannucci, , Joshipura, K. J., Rosner, B. A., Stampfer, M. J., Fuchs, C. S., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C.
(2000). Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1740-1752
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Liu, B., Lee, H.-Y., Weinzimer, S. A., Powell, D. R., Clifford, J. L., Kurie, J. M., Cohen, P.
(2000). Direct Functional Interactions between Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 and Retinoid X Receptor-alpha Regulate Transcriptional Signaling and Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem.
275: 33607-33613
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Kaaks, R., Toniolo, P., Akhmedkhanov, A., Lukanova, A., Biessy, C., Dechaud, H., Rinaldi, S., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Shore, R. E., Riboli, E.
(2000). Serum C-Peptide, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-Binding Proteins, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1592-1600
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Smith, G. D., Gunnell, D., Holly, J.
(2000). Cancer and insulin-like growth factor-I. BMJ
321: 847-848
[Full Text]
-
Khandwala, H. M., McCutcheon, I. E., Flyvbjerg, A., Friend, K. E.
(2000). The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factors on Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Growth. Endocr Rev
21: 215-244
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Yu, H., Rohan, T.
(2000). Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Family in Cancer Development and Progression. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 1472-1489
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Wu, X., Yu, H., Amos, C. I., Hong, W. K., Spitz, M. R.
(2000). Joint Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Mutagen Sensitivity in Lung Cancer Risk. J Natl Cancer Inst
92: 737-743
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Renehan, A. G., O'Dwyer, S. T., Shalet, S. M.
(1999). Re: Prospective Study of Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst
91: 2051-2052
[Full Text]
-
Hu, F. B., Giovannucci, E.
(1999). RESPONSE: Re: Prospective Study of Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women. J Natl Cancer Inst
91: 1334a-1334
[Full Text]
-
Schoen, R. E., Tangen, C. M., Kuller, L. H., Burke, G. L., Cushman, M., Tracy, R. P., Dobs, A., Savage, P. J.
(1999). Increased Blood Glucose and Insulin, Body Size, and Incident Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
91: 1147-1154
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Burroughs, K. D., Dunn, S. E., Barrett, J. C., Taylor, J. A.
(1999). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I: a Key Regulator of Human Cancer Risk?. J Natl Cancer Inst
91: 579-581
[Full Text]
 |
|