Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Keywords: ESBLs , Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg , CTX-M-3
Sir,
In recent years, an expanding group of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs), the CTX-M enzymes, has emerged from many countries. They were initially reported in Japan by Matsumoto et al.,1 who discovered FEC-1, a non-TEM, non-SHV ESBL, in a cefotaxime-resistant isolate of Escherichia coli. CTX-M enzymes have spread worldwide and have been detected in many Gram-negative bacteria, including various Salmonella enterica serovars.2 They are usually plasmid mediated, and confer high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, but have only marginal effects on MICs of ceftazidime.2
In Japan, CTX-M enzymes have been detected in E. coli,1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens.3 We now report the first cefotaximase-producing salmonella isolated in Japan, a non-clinical isolate of S. enterica serovar Senftenberg that harboured CTX-M-3.
Fifty-eight clinical and non-clinical isolates of various Salmonella serovars were screened for ESBL production. Only one isolate, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg strain 9-4, which was isolated from river water in Hiroshima prefecture in 1999, displayed an ESBL phenotype; it was more resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefpodoxime than to ceftazidime by disc testing, and gave a positive cephalosporinco-amoxiclav synergy test. For the preliminary detection of CTX-M genes, PCR was performed with primers CTX-M-F, 5'-CGCTTTGCGATGTGCAG-3' and CTX-M-R, 5'-ACCGCGATATCGTTGGT-3', which are specific to conserved regions of blaCTX-M alleles and generate a 552 bp amplicon. Then, primers CTX-M-F2, 5'-CCAGAATAAGGAATCCCATG-3' and CTX-M-R2, 5'-GCCGTCTAAGGCGATAAAC-3', were used to amplify the entire allele (876 bp) for sequencing. This revealed that S. enterica serovar Senftenberg strain 9-4 produced CTX-M-3, which was first identified in Poland.4 Southern hybridization using the whole blaCTX-M gene as a probe showed that the gene was located on a plasmid of <38 kb in size. Attempts to transfer this plasmid to E. coli HB101 were unsuccessful. The blaCTX-M gene was cloned into pBluescript II SK() and expressed in E. coli XL1-Blue cells. The MICs for both S. enterica serovar Senftenberg 9-4 and E. coli XL1-Blue transformants are shown in Table 1.
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Nucleotide sequence accession number
The nucleotide sequence of the CTX-M-3 gene of S. enterica serovar Senftenberg has been assigned the DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL accession no. AB168117.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific research to T.S. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
Footnotes
* Corresponding author. Tel./Fax: +81-82-424-7897; Email: tadashis{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp
References
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