Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2000. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE

The European IVF-monitoring programme (EIM) for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)1

Report prepared by A. Nyboe Andersen, L. Gianaroli and K.G. Nygren

1 Address for correspondence: ESHRE Central Office, Meerstraat 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium. e-mail: bruno.vandeneede{at}eshre.com


    Abstract
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
European results of assisted reproductive techniques from treatments initiated during 2000 are presented in this fourth annual report. Data were collected mainly from pre-existing national registers. From 22 countries, 569 clinics reported 279 267 cycles: IVF 126 961, ICSI 99 976, frozen embryo replacement (FER) 45 800 and oocyte donations (OD) 6530. In nine countries where all clinics reported to the register, a total of 142 174 cycles were performed in a population of 166 million, corresponding to 856 cycles per million inhabitants. After IVF and ICSI, the distribution of transfer of one, two, three and ≥4 embryos was 12.1, 46.7, 33.3 and 6.8%, respectively. Huge differences existed between countries. For IVF, the clinical pregnancy rate per aspiration and per transfer was 24.7 and 28.4%, respectively. For ICSI, the corresponding rates were 26,6% and 28,7%. These figures represent increases of 0.7 and 0.8% compared with 1999. The distribution of singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries for IVF and ICSI combined was 73.6, 24.4, 2.0 and 0.04%. This gives a total multiple delivery rate of 26.4%. The range of triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI ranged from 0.3 to 7.0% between countries. Compared with 1999, the number of reported cycles was increased by 8% and the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was increased by 0.7% after IVF and by 0.8% after ICSI. The total multiple delivery rates after IVF and ICSI remain unchanged during the last 4 years.

Key words: ESHRE/Europe/ICSI/IVF/register data


    Introduction
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
This report is the fourth annual ESHRE publication on European data on assisted reproduction technology (ART). The three previous reports, also published in Human Reproduction (ESHRE, 2001a,b, 2002Go), covered treatment cycles during 1997, 1998 and 1999.

Data have been collected from 22 European countries and cover IVF, ICSI, frozen embryo replacements (FER) and oocyte donations (OD) initiated during 2000. Data from each participating country were sent to ESHRE once a year. A draft report is made and then scrutinized by all consortium members, listed in the Appendix.

A Consortium meeting was held at the ESHRE meeting in Madrid in July 2003 with representatives from participating countries, where the present and future reporting systems were discussed. Here it was noted that Germany reported a marked increase in the coverage in their register. Belgium, Hungary and Switzerland were planning to advance their registration systems from voluntary, non-governmental registers to mandatory registers run by the authorities. Austria will be able to provide data for 2001.

The Consortium noted that the quality of data still differs between countries. Data collection systems, coverage, definitions and validation are different. At the Madrid meeting, it was decided that the EIM Consortium members should adapt to the definitions suggested by ICMART (The International Committee on the Monitoring of ART) and published by the World Health Organization (2002Go).

The Consortium again noted that the quality of data needs to be improved in the future. European countries still have different data collection systems with a variable degree of coverage, loss to follow-up and with different definitions. The Consortium decided to continue to present annual reports and to try to improve the quality of the reports.


    Materials and methods
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
National registers
A total of 16 countries had pre-existing data collection programmes for 1999, and therefore provided data directly from these sources. In Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Slovenia and Ukraine, where no such register existed, national data were collected de novo for the purpose of the EIM programme. Details regarding the registers have been described previously (ESHRE, 2001aGo).

Data collection
The present report summarizes data from IVF treatments performed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000. Follow-up data on pregnancies and deliveries are cohort data.

Registers from a number of countries have been unable to provide some of the data. Lack of such specific variables will appear in the tables as ‘not available’ (NA).

The reporting principle used for 2000 data is similar to preceding years (ESHRE, 2001a,b, 2002Go).

In most countries, reports of pregnancies are based on the presence of one or more intrauterine gestational sacs at sonography ~5 weeks after embryo transfer. Deliveries were normally reported within the same reporting system as for treatments and pregnancies. For the present report, the definitions of pregnancies and births have not been standardized.

As the data presented here are incomplete and generated through different methods using different definitions in different countries, interpretation of the data must be done with some caution.


    Results
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
Number of treatment cycles
Table I shows the number of all treatment cycles recorded in each country, the number of clinics in the country (if available) and the number and size of clinics reporting to the register. The cycles are subdivided into IVF, ICSI, FER and OD. In Belgium, Iceland and Slovenia, the number of aspirations was used, as the number of initiated cycles was not available. In total, 569 clinics from 22 countries reported 279 267 cycles.


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Table I. ART in European countries in 2000
 
Table II shows data from those nine countries where all clinics have reported to the register: Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The number of cycles are related to the total population in the country. In addition, the number of infants born after ART is expressed as a percentage of the total number of live born in the country. Overall, 142 174 cycles were undertaken in a population of 166 million, giving a mean of 856 cycles per million. The percentage of infants born after ART ranged from 1.0 to 3.8%.


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Table II. ART in 2000 in those European countries where all clinics reported to the national register
 
Size of the clinics
Table III shows the size distribution of the 569 reporting clinics. The size of a clinic (or unit) is based on all cycles performed during the year.


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Table III. Size of IVF clinics reporting to the register
 
Age distribution
Table IV shows the age distribution of the treated women in various countries. In the different countries, the age range of women <29 years was 5–49%; 30–34 years, 25–43%; 35–39 years, 17–50%; and ≥40 years, 4–20%.


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Table IV. Percentage age distribution of women treated with IVF and ICSI
 
Number of embryos transferred
Table V shows the number of embryos transferred after IVF and ICSI combined. The total number of single embryo transfers was 20 756 (12.1%), dual embryo transfers 79 917 (46.7%), triple embryo transfers 57 082 (33.3%) and ≥4 embryo transfers 11 715 (6.8%). As indicated in the table, marked differences were seen between countries. The range of triple embryo transfers was 3.8–50.5% and the range of transfer of ≥4 embryos was 0.0–43.4%.


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Table V. Number of embryos transferred after IVF and ICSI
 
Data on elective single embryo transfer (eSET) were available from four countries, reporting 2295 transfers (Belgium 564, France 1444, Slovenia 6 and Sweden 281).

Pregnancies and deliveries after treatment
Table VIIX show the number of pregnancies and deliveries in relation to the number of initiated cycles, aspirations and transfers, for IVF (Table VI), ICSI (Table VII), FER (Table VIII) and OD (Table IX).


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Table VI. Pregnancies and deliveries after IVF
 

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Table IX. Pregnancies and deliveries after oocyte donation (OD)
 

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Table VII. Pregnancies and deliveries after ICSI
 

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Table VIII. Pregnancies and deliveries after FER
 
Table VI shows that after IVF, the 27 876 pregnancies resulted from 98 181 embryo transfers. Thus, the mean clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 28.4%, with a range from 20.4 to 45.7%. The delivery rates per embryo transfer after IVF have not been summarized due to incomplete follow-up of pregnancies in many countries, as shown in Table X.


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Table X. Singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI
 
Table VII shows that after ICSI, the 25 128 pregnancies resulted from 87 456 embryo transfers. Thus the mean clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 28.7%, with a range from 20.5 to 44.3%. The delivery rates per embryo transfer after ICSI have not been summarized due to incomplete follow-up of pregnancies in many countries, as shown in Table X.

Table VIII VII shows that after FER, 6663 pregnancies resulted from 40 155 transfers. Thus the mean clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer after FER was 16.6%. The delivery rates per embryo transfer after FER have not been summarized due to incomplete follow-up of pregnancies in many countries.

Table IX shows that after OD, 1951 clinical pregnancies resulted from 5925 transfers, giving a pregnancy rate per transfer of 32.9%, with a range from 14.0 to 46.8%.

Proportion of singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries
Table X shows the deliveries after IVF and ICSI in relation to singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries. It can be seen that the distribution of the deliveries was: singleton 25 336 (73.6%), twin 8396 (24.4%), triplet 674 (2.0%) and quadruplet 13 (0.04%).

Table XIXI shows the deliveries after FER in relation to singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries. It can be seen that the distribution of the deliveries was: singleton 3632 (84.7%), twin 617 (14.4%), triplet 37 (0.9%) and quadruplet 2 (0.05%).


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Table XI. Singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet deliveries after FER
 
Table XIIXII shows the proportion of infants born as singletons, twins, triplets and quadruplets after IVF and ICSI treatment.


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Table XII. Percentage of infants born as singletons, twins, triplets and quadruplets.
 
Complications and fetal reductions
Table XIIIXIII presents the incidence of ovarian stimulation syndrome (OHSS) recorded from registers in 17 of the 22 countries. It can be seen that 1586 cases of OHSS were recorded. The number of IVF and ICSI cycles in those 17 countries was 146 342, corresponding to 1.1% of all stimulated cycles. From the same countries, 652 complications of oocyte retrieval were also recorded.


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Table XIII. Complications and fetal reductions
 
Table XIIIXIII also gives data on the number of recorded fetal reductions. In total, 256 fetal reductions were recorded.

‘Parameters of excellence’
One ‘parameter of excellence’, defined as the number of deliveries per embryo transferred or the number of deliveries per embryo replaced, can be calculated. After IVF and ICSI, 20 countries replaced 398 952 embryos and this resulted in 35 928 deliveries. The number of embryos transferred for each delivery was thus 11.1. The number of deliveries per embryo replaced was 0.09. Considering these figures, it is important to realize that a number of pregnancies are lost to follow-up, so this remains an estimate.

Another ‘parameter of excellence’ could be the number of singleton deliveries per transfer. After IVF and ICSI, 20 countries reported 25 336 singleton deliveries after 167 097 transfers. The singleton delivery rate per transfer was thus 15.2%. Considering this figure, it is important to realize that a number of pregnancies are lost to follow-up, so the true singleton delivery rate remains unknown.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
PGD was recorded in seven countries: Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal and Russia. A total of 543 cycles, 533 aspirations and 362 transfers resulted in 106 pregnancies and 78 deliveries. This gives a clinical pregnancy rate of 19.5% per cycle, 19.9% per aspiration and 29.2 per transfer.

The main countries reporting PGD were Italy with 306 and Belgium with 198 cycles.


    Discussion
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
The present report is the fourth consecutive European report on IVF data covering treatment cycles from 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively.

The number of countries that reported to the EIM consortium and contributed to the fourth report is unchanged from 1999 and constitutes 22 countries, covering the whole of Western Europe with the exception of Austria (who is likely to join next year) and Luxembourg (no IVF clinic).

Nine of the participating countries already have complete coverage in their reporting system: Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Germany has improved its coverage, now estimated to include close to 100% of the activities in the country.

The number of reported cycles continues to grow. In 2000, 569 clinics reported 279 267 cycles, which is an increase of 8% compared with 1999. From 1997 to 1998, the increase was 14% and from 1998 to 1999 it was 11%. Altogether this means an increase from 203 893 cycles in 1997 to 279 267 in 2000, equivalent to an increase of 37% over the 4 years. This marked increase during the period is partly due to a better coverage in the reporting systems but is also due to a true expansion of activities in some countries. The latest world report on IVF data (Adamson et al., 2002Go) from 1998 recorded 388 000 procedures world-wide, estimated to represent some 80% of all activities. In the USA, 88 077 cycles were recorded from 1999 (ASRM/SART Registry, 2002Go). This means that ~60% of recorded IVF activities globally come from Europe.

Within Europe, the largest contributions come from Germany with 63 000 cycles, followed by France with 57 000 cycles and the UK with 34 000 reported cycles. However, Italy, where the reporting is conducted in order to provide the EIM data on a voluntary basis, also reported close to 20 000 cycles in 2000. Spain, another of the large European countries, only has data from 36 of ~180 clinics. Although it may primarily be the larger clinics that reported the 14 500 cycles from Spain, it is likely that only a minor proportion of the Spanish ART activity is being reported to the EIM consortium.

The proportion of standard IVF procedures to ICSI procedures remained the same in 2000 compared with the previous 2 years (56.0% standard IVF and 44% ICSI), but in some countries, such as Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland, ICSI is more prevalent than IVF. The number of reported FER cycles as well as OD cycles showed a marked increase in 2000 compared with 1999.

The availability of services remained highest in Denmark, with 1830 cycles per million inhabitants. It was also high in the other Nordic countries and in The Netherlands and France. The average number of treatment cycles per million inhabitants in those countries with complete coverage in their reporting was 856. The proportion of IVF children to all children born was again highest in the Nordic countries, ranging from 2.1 to 3.8%.

The number of embryos transferred in IVF and ICSI cycles again differed substantially between countries. The mean number of single embryo transfers remained at ~12%, whereas the proportion of dual embryo transfers increased from 39.2% in 1999 to 46.7% in 2000. The proportion of three embryo transfers decreased from 39.6% in 1999 to 33.3% in 2000. Four embryo transfers also decreased from 9.3% in 1999 to 6.8% in 2000. Denmark, Finland and Sweden report a low proportion of three embryo transfers.

For the first time, the data from 2000 included the number of eSETs. Data were only available from four countries reporting 2295 eSETs. National implementation of eSET has only occurred during recent years and, as discussed, the number of singleton deliveries was not changed in 2000, compared with earlier years.

It is noteworthy that the overall occurrence of multiple deliveries after IVF and ICSI (26.9%) in 2000 was similar to the figure 4 years earlier in 1997. There has been a change however, as the number of triplet deliveries has been reduced from 3.6% in 1997, to 2.3% in both 1998 and 1999 and to 2.0% in 2000. Regarding triplet rates, huge differences exist between countries.

This is the first report on the overall practice of fetal reduction in Europe. In total, 256 procedures were reported, but data are not available from a number of countries, so it is likely that far more procedures have been done.

Pregnancy rates for IVF, ICSI and FER continued to increase slightly. For IVF, the mean pregnancy rate per transfer is now 28.4% compared with 27.7% in 1999. For ICSI, it is 28.7% compared with 27.9% in 1999. For FER, it is 16.6% compared with 15.7% in 1999.

One other possibile way to report success rate would be to report on singleton delivery rates, separately. At the present stage where delivery rates are somewhat uncertain in many countries, we have only given the overall figure of 15.2% singleton deliveries per transfer after IVF and ICSI. Further emphasis will be put on this parameter in subsequent reports.

An alternative way of presenting success rate within a single ‘parameter of excellence’ was the number of deliveries per embryo replaced (0.09) equivalent to the use of 11 embryos in order to achieve one delivery after IVF and ICSI.

Altogether, 543 cycles of PGD were reported, compared with 131 in 1999, suggesting an expansion of this activity in the coming years.

The benefit or ‘success’ of ART for couples and for society needs to be monitored and described in terms of efficacy, safety, quality, availability and cost. The present report includes data on efficacy and availability and also on one very important aspect of safety, i.e. multiple pregnancies. The EIM and ESHRE are now planning to expand its ART monitoring activities to include also specific data on safety, quality and cost.

To summarize, the present fourth annual ESHRE report on ART in Europe in 2000 shows a continuing expansion of the register regarding participating clinics and number of cycles reported. Trends are now becoming visible and there is a trend towards better efficacy. Triplet deliveries were less frequent than in earlier years, but the combined multiple pregnancy rate (26.4%) was similar to the figure in 1997. Elective single embryo transfer had minimal overall impact in 2000.


    Appendix I. Contact persons representing data collection programmes in participating European countries, 2000
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
Belgium: Petra De Sutter, Infertility Center, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. E-mail: petra.desutter{at}gent.be

Czech Republic: Pavel Ventruba, 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Masarik University of Brno, Obilni trh 11, 656 77 Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: ventruba{at}fp-brno.cz

Denmark: Karin Erb, The Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. E-mail: karin.erb{at}ouh.fyns-amt.dk

Finland: Mika Gissler, Stakes, Stakes information, PO Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: mika.gissler{at}stakes.fi

France: Jacques De Mouzon, INSERM U. 292, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, F-75252, Kremlin Bicêtre, France. E-mail: demouzon{at}vjf.inserm.fr

Germany: Ricardo Felberbaum, Med. Univ. Ratzenburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany. E-mail: rfelberbau{at}aol.com

Greece: Basil C.Tarlatzis, Infertility & IVF Centre, Geniki Kliniki, 2 Gravias Street, GR-54645 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: tarlatzis{at}hol.gr

Hungary: Janos Urbancsek, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SOTE, Baross utca 27, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: Urbjan{at}Noi1.sote.hu

Iceland: Hilmar Bjorgvinsson. IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, Landspitalinn, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. E-mail: Hilmar{at}rsp.is

Ireland: Robert F.Harrison. HARI Unite, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland. E-mail: rfharrison{at}rcsi.ie

Italy: Anna Pia Ferraretti, S.I.S.ME.R. s.r.l., Via Mazzini 12, I-40137 Bologna, Italy. E-mail: sismer{at}sismer.it

The Netherlands: Jan A.M.Kremer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AZ Nijmegen (St. Radboud), Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: j.kremer{at}obgyn.umcn.nl

Norway: Johan T.Hazehamp, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Volvat Medical Center, Postboks 5280, Majorstuea, Oslo 303, Norway. E-mail: Hazekamp{at}online.no

Poland: Waldermar Kuczynski, Department of Gynecology, University Hospital,MC Sklodowskiej 24 a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland. E-mail: kuczynsk{at}cksr.ac.bialystok.pl

Portugal: Carlos Calhaz-Jorge, Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital de Santa Maria, Av. Prof. Equs Monitz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: Calhazjorge{at}mail.telepac.pt

Russia: V.S.Korsak, IVF Centre, Ott Institute, Mendeleyevskay linia 3, 199034 St-Petersburg, Russia CIS. E-mail: ivf{at}mcrm.ru

Slovenia: Irma-Virant Klun, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail: Irma.virant{at}kclj.sl

Spain: Juana Hernandez, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital San Milan, Avda Autonoma de la Rioja 3, 26004 Logrono-La Rioja, Spain. E-mail: jhernandezh2meditex.es

Sweden: P.O.Karlström, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 72189 Vesteraas, Sweden. E-mail: pok.red{at}swipnet.se

Switzerland: Constanzo Limoni, Via Ceresio 6, 6826 Riva San Vitale, Switzerland. E-mail: alpha5{at}bluewin.ch

UK: A.McNab, Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, Paxton House, 30 Artillery Lane, London E1 7LS, UK. E-mail: angela.mcnab{at}hfea.gov.uk

Ukraine: Victor Veselovsky, Clinic Isida IVF, 28/1 Chornovilla Str. Kyiv, 01135, Ukraine. E-mail: vvv{at}isidaivf.com.ua


    List of participating countries and centres
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
Belgium
Antwerpen: Algemeen Ziekenhuis Middelheim; Universitair Ziekenhuis Edegem; Algemeen Ziekenhuis St-Camillus/St-Augustinus Wilrijk

Brugge: Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan

Brussel: Institut médical Edith Cavell; Akademisch Ziekenhuis VUB; Hôpital Universitaire St-Pierre ULB; Höpital Erasme

Charleroi: Clinique Notre-Dame

Genk: St-Jansziekenhuis

Gent: Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Jan Palfijn; Algemeen Ziekenhuis St-Lucas

Kortrijk: St-Niklaaskliniek

Liège: Clinique St-Vincent; Hôpital de la Citadelle

Leuven: Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg; Leuven Institute for Fertility and Embryology

Mont sur Sambre: Centre de PMA Sainte Thérèse

Namur: Centre Hospitalier Régional de Namur

Roeselare: Heilig Hartziekenhuis

Vilvoorde: Van Helmontziekenhuis

Czech Republic
List not available

Denmark
Aalborg: Fertilitetsklinikken Aalborg

Aarhus: Ciconia Vest; Fertilitetsklinikken Skejby Sygehus; Maigaards Fertilitetsklinik

Brædstup: Fertilitetsklinikken Brædstrup Sygehus

Copenhagen: Ciconia Øst; Dansk Fertilitetsklinik; Fertilitetsklinikken Helsehuset; Fertilitetsklinikken Herlev Sygehus; Fertilitetsklinikken Rigshospitalet; Fertilitetsklinikken Trianglen; Fertilitetsklinikken, Institut for Human Reproduktion; Gentofte Fertilitetsklinik

Horsens: Horsens Fertilitetsklinik

Odense: Fertilitetsklinikken Odense Universitetshospital; Odense IVF-Klinik

Skive: Fertilitetsklinikken Skive Sygehus

Finland
Helsinki: Diacor Health Services; Eira Hospital; Felicitas Clinic; Helsinki University Central Hospital; The Family Federation of Finland Helsinki Clinic

Joensuu: Northern Karelia Central Hospital

Jyväskylä: In-Tiimi Clinic Jyväskylä

Kuopio: In-Tiimi Clinic Kuopio; Kuopio University Central Hospital

Lappeenranta: Fermedi Clinic

Oulu: Oulu University Central Hospital; The Family Federation of Finland Oulu Clinic

Tampere: AVA Clinic Tampere; Tampere University Central Hospital

Turku: AVA Clinic Turku; Turku University Central Hospital; The Family Federation of Finland Turku Clinic

France
Amiens: CHU; Centre Picard

Angers: CHR

Avignon: Urbain V

Bayonne: Lafargue

Besançon: CHU; les Cigognes

Bois Guillaume: St Antoine

Bordeaux: Pellegrin Fédération; Pellegrin Gynéco-Obstétrique A; Saint Sernin/Jean Villard

Brest: CHU; Pasteur

Caen: CHRU

Charleville-Mézières: CH

Clermont-Ferrand: CH

Dijon: CHU; Chenove

Epinal: Arc en ciel

Equeurdreville: Cotentin

Grenoble: Belledonne; CHU

Guadeloupe: Les Abymes-Les Rosiers

Guilherand-Granges: Pasteur

Guyane: Cayenne CHG

La Réunion: Le Port-Jeanne d’Arc

La Rochelle: Le Mail

Le Havre: CH

Le Mans: Tertre Rouge

Lens: CH

Lille: Polyclinique du Bois; Jeanne de Flandres

Limoges: CHU

Lorient: CH

Lyon: Bron Ste Marie-Thérèse; Croix Rousse; Edouard Herriot; Montplaisir; Sainte Anne Lumière

Marseille: CHU Conception; Renaissance; Saint Joseph; Wulfran-Puget

Martinique: Fort de France-Sainte Marie

Metz: Ste Croix

Montpellier: CHU; Saint Roch

Mulhouse: Diaconat

Nancy: A.Pinard; Majorelle

Nantes; Atlantique; CHU; Notre Dame de Grâce

Nice: Saint Georges; CHU

Nîmes: CHRU; Grand Sud

Paris (area): Aubervilliers La Roseraie; Bagnolet La Dhuys; Blanc Mesnil Clinique; Bondy Jean Verdier; Clamart Béclère; Cormeille-en-Parisis Clinique; Courbevoie-La Défense CH; Dreux CH; Le Chesnay Parly 2 Clinique; Maisons-Laffite Sully; Neuilly Cherest; Neuilly Hôpital Américain; Paris Bichat; Paris Les Bluets; Paris Cochin; Paris Diaconesses; Paris La Muette; Paris Montsouris; Paris Pitié Salpétrière; Paris Spontini; Paris St Vincent de Paul; Paris Tenon; Poissy CHI; Sèvres J. Rostand; Vitry sur Seine Les Noriets

Pau: Lagrange

Périgueux: Francheville

Perpignan: Saint-Pierre

Poitiers: CHU

Reims: CHU; Courlancy

Rennes: CHU Sud/Hôtel Dieu; la Sagesse

Roanne: CH

Rouen: CHU

Saint-Jean: L’Union et le Vaurais

Saint-Saulve: le Parc

Schiltigheim: CMCO

St Etienne: Michelet

Toulon: Saint Michel

Toulouse: CHU; St Jean Languedoc

Tours: CHU; Parc

Germany
Aachen: Frauenarztpraxis mit Schwerpunkt Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin an der Itertalklinik; Universitäts-Frauenklinik für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH Aachen

Aalen: Dr med. Rainer Rau

Augsburg: Gemeinschaftspraxis Drs Warnecke, Hiller, Bauer, Kraus

Bad Münder: Zentrum für IVF und Reproduktionsmedizin Deutsche Klinik Bad Münder

Bayreuth: IVF-Zentrum Bayreuth im Klinikum Bayreuth

Bedburg: Praxis Dr Dieter Struller

Berlin: Fertility Center Berlin; Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr med. Matthias Bloechle/Dr med. Silke Marr; Gemeinschaftspraxis Drs med. A.Haase/P.Rott; Gemein schaftspraxis im Lützow Center Reproduktions medizinisches Zentrum; Praxis Dr med. Reinhard Hannen; Praxisklinik für Fertilität; Universitätsklinikum der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Charité Campus Mitte; Universitätsklinikum der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum

Bielefeld: BIF Bielefelder Institut für Fortpflanzungsmedizin der Städtischen Kliniken Bielefeld-Rosenhöhe

Bonn: Universitätsklinikum Bonn

Bremen: Bremer Zentrum für Fortpflanzungsmedizin (BZF) in der Frauenklinik des Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhauses gGmbH; Zentrum für Kinderwunschbehandlung Bremen

Darmstadt: Reproduktionsmedizinisches und Endometriose Zentrum Darmstadt

Deggendorf: Gemeinschaftspraxis Drs Kroiss und Bernhardt

Dortmund: Gemeinschaftspraxis Drs med. S.Dieterle/A.Neuer

Dresden: Praxis Dr med. H.J.Held; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus

Düsseldorf: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr (B) Hugo Verhoeven/Dr med. Michael Scholtes/Dipl. med. Kersten Marx/Dr med. Martina Behler; Städt. Kliniken Düsseldorf gGmbH Frauenklinik Benrath; Universitätsfrauenklinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität-Düsseldorf

Erlangen: Dr J.van Uem; Gemeinschaftspraxis der Frauenärzte Prof. Dr Dr K.-G.Bregulla/Dr M.Hamori/Dr R.Behrens; Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen

Essen: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr med. Thomas Katzorke/Dr med. Dirk Propping/Dr med. Susanne Wohlers

Esslingen: IVF-Zentrum Esslingen

Frankfurt am Main: Krankenhaus Nordwest

Freiburg: Frauenklinik der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität; Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Weitzell/Dr M.Thiemann/Prof. Dr F.Geisthövel

Gelsenkirchen: Schwerpunkt Kinderwunschtherapie Wissen schaftspark Gelsenkirchen

Gießen: Arbeitsgruppe Endokrinologie, Fortpflanzungsmedi zin und Mikrochirurgie der Justus-Liebig-Universität; Gesellschaft zur Förderung der In-Vitro-Fertilisation und Reproduktionsmedizin GbR

Göttingen: Dr Monica Tobler; Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Peter Böhm, Dr Sabine Hübner Dr Rüdiger Moltrecht, Dr Christine Noeldechen; Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe Georg-August-Universität

Greifswald: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität

Grevenbroich: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Tigges/Dr Kaiser/Dr Tuchel

Haan: Gynäkologisch-Geburtshilfliche Abteilung Gynä kologische Endokrino-logie/Reproduktionsmedizin St Josef Krankenhaus GmbH

Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Hamburg: Fertility Center Hamburg; Gemeinschaftspraxis Bispink/Horn/Michel and Seeler; Kocak und Kollegen; Praxis BKS; Praxisgemeinschaft Hinrichsen u. Partner GbR am Endokrinologikum Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf

Hannover: Gynäkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr M.Müseler-Albers/H.P.Arendt/Dr.K.Bühler; Frauenklinik der MHH am Oststadtkrankenhaus

Heidelberg: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Abt. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fertilisationsstörungen Kinderwunsch-Sprechstunde; Kinderwunschzentrum Heidel berg

Hildesheim: Zentrum für Reproduktionsmedizin und Human genetik Hildesheim

Homburg: Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes

Jena: Gemeinschaftspraxis Fritzsche/Reiher/Hoffmann; Klinikum der FSU Jena

Karlsruhe: Karlsruher IVF-Programm

Kiel: Universitäts-Frauenklinik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität

Köln: PAN Klinik am Neumarkt; Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein; Universitäts-Frauenklinik Köln

Leipzig: Praxisklinik; Universitätsfrauenklinik

Lübeck: Universitätsklinikum Lübeck

Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg

Mannheim: Universitätsfrauenklinik Klinikum Mannheim gGmbH

Marburg: Klinik für Gynäkologie, Gynäkologische Endo krinologie und Onkologie Der Philipps-Universität Marburg

Minden: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr med. Onno Buurman/Otto P.Happel

Mönchengladbach: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr med. Georg Döhmen/Dr med. Thomas Schalk

Mühlheim: Ev. Krankenhaus Mühlheim an der Ruhr Frauenklinik und Zentrum für Reproduktionsmedizin

München: Hormonzentrum München; Kinderwunsch Centrum München an der Frauenklinik Dr Wilhelm Krüsmann; Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Klinikum der Universität München-Grosshadern; Prof. Dr med. Dieter Berg/Dr med. Bernd Lesoine; Zentrum für Repro duktionsmedizin Dr med. Walter Bollmann/Dr med. Thomas Brückner/Dr med. Ulrich Noss

Münster: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Dr med. Lutz Belkien/PD Dr med. Bernd Krause; Universitätsklinikum Münster Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und GeburtshilfeInstitut für Reproduktionsmedizin

Neubrandenburg: Dietrich Bonhoeffer Klinikum Neubranden burg

Neuwied: Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Beran and Dr Müller

Nürnberg: Dr med. J.Neuwinger and Dr med. B.Munzer-Neuwinger Reproduktionsmedizinische Praxis

Oldenburg: Dr med. Saif Jibril; Tagesklinik Oldenburg

Osnabrück: Kinderwunschzentrum Osnabrück

Pforzheim: Zentrum für Reproduktionsmedizin in der Centralklinik

Prien am Chiemsee: Priener Zentrum für Reproduktions-medizin

Regensburg: Zentrum für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin

Remscheid: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Repro duktionsmedizin am Klinikum Remscheid

Rostock: Universitäts-Frauenklinik Rostock Reproduktions medizin

Saarbrücken: Dr med. Jens Happel/Dr med. Michael Thaele/Dr med. Lars Happel

Schwäbisch Gmünd: Klinikum Schwäbisch Gmünd Margariten Hospital

Schwerin: Medizinisches Zentrum der Landeshauptstadt Schwerin Klinikum Schwerin

Stralsund: Klinikum am Sund Frauenklinik IVF-Zentrum Stralsund

Stuttgart: Praxis Dr D.B.Mayer-Eichberger IVF-Zentrum

Tübingen: Universitätsklinikum Tübingen Frauenklinik Schwerpunkt Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Repro duktionsmedizin

Ulm: IVF-Zentrum Ulm; Universitätsklinikum Ulm

Wiesbaden: Zentrum für Reproduktionsmedizin

Würzburg: Dr med. R.Mai/Dr med. Wolfgang Schmitt, medizinische Genetik; Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg

Greece
Athens: Institute of Gynaecology and Assisted Reproduction; Iatriki Erevna; Euromedica IVF; Fertility Institute; Embryogenesis

Ioannina: IVF Center of Ioannina,

Thessaloniki: Infertility and IVF Center, Geniki Kliniki; Intrabalkan Medical Center

Hungary
Budapest: 1st Department of OB/GYN, Semmelweis University of Medicine; Department of OB/GYN, Jahn Ferenc Hospital; Department of OB/GYN, ‘Nyiro Gyula’ Hospital; Department of OB/GYN, St. John’s Hospital

Debrecen: Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Debrecen

Pécs: Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Pécs

Tapolca: Pannon Institut for Reproduction

Iceland
Reykjavik: IVF Unit, Department of OB/GYN, National University Hospital, Landspitali.

Ireland
Dublin: Human Assisted Reproduction Ireland, Rotunda Hospital

Galway: Galway Fertility Clinic

Kildare: Clane Fertility Clinic

Italy
Abano Terme (PD): Casa di Cura Abano Terme-Centro Ripr. Assistita

Ancona: Ospedale Salesi

Bari: Clinica S. Maria; Studio Medico ‘San Luca’; Studio Associato CECOS; University of Bari

Bergamo: Ospedali Riuniti

Bologna: S.I.S.ME.R.; Tecnobios

Bolzano: Ospedale di Bolzano

Bressanone (BZ): Ospedale di Bressanone

Brunico (BZ): Ospedale di Brunico

Cagliari: Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie

Campobasso: Villa Maria

Caserta: Centro Genesis

Catania: C.R.A.

Cittadella (PD): Ospedale di Cittadella

Fermo (AP): Istituto Palmatea

Firenze: Centro P.M.A. ‘Futura Diagnostica’

Fossano (CN): Ospedale di Fossano

Genova: Biotech; Università di Genova

Gragnano (NA): A.O.G.O.I.

Lecce: Centro Studi Riproduzione Umana

Manduria (TA): Ospedale M.Giannuzzi

Mantova: Centro Medicina della Riproduzione Ospedale C.Poma

Mercogliano (AV): Diagnostica Medica

Messina: Centro di Riproduzione Umana

Mestre (VE): ARC-STER

Milano: Fondazione S. Raffaele del Monte Tabor; Polo Universitario S. Paolo; Centro Cerva

Modena: Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Monza (MI): Centro Medicina della Riproduzione ‘Biogenesi’

Motta di Livenza (TV): Ospedale di Motta di Livenza

Napoli: Centro Mediterraneo di Fecondazione Assistita; Villa del Sole

Nardò (LE): Tecnomed-Centro Medico Biologico

Padova: Studio ‘Gemma’; Euganea Medica

Palermo: Centro ‘Andros’; Centro Biologia della Ripro duzione; Centro Genesis

Parma: C.I.R. Università di Parma

Pesaro: Centro Salus

Pescara: Villa Serena

Pieve di Cadore (BL): Ospedale Civile

Pisa: Casa di Cura S. Rossore; Università di Pisa; CE.S.CO.

Pordenone: Ospedale S. M. degli Angeli

Reggio Emilia: Studio Diagnostico Raul Palmer

Rimini: Ospedale ‘Infermi’

Roma: European Hospital; Centro ‘Genesis’; Centro R.A.P.R.U.I.; Villa Margherita; Universitá ‘La Sapienza’; C.I.P.A.; C.I.D.

Rozzano (MI): Istituto Clinico Humanitas

Salerno: C.M.R.; Human Fertilization Center

Sassari: Università di Sassari

Sora (FR): Centro S.T.S.

Torino: Laparoscopy and Fertility Center; Centro LIVET; Ospedale S. Anna; Centro Diagnosi e Cura dell’Infertilità di Coppia; Fertilab

Trecenta (RO): Ospedale S. Luca

Trieste: Ospedale Burlo Garofalo

Varese: Centro Diagnostico Varesino

Verona: Policlinico Borgoroma

The Netherlands
Amsterdam: Academisch Medisch Centrum, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum

Eindhoven: Catharina Ziekenhuis

Groningen: Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen

Leiden: Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Stichting Medisch Centrum voor Geboorteregeling

Maastrict: Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht

Nijmegen: Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud

Rotterdam: Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam

Tilburg: St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis

Utrecht: Universitair Medisch Centrum

Voorburg: Reiner de Graaf Groep

Zwolle: Isala Klinieken

Norway
Bergen: Kvinneklinikken Helse-Bergen

Haugesund: Haugesund sjukehus Helse Fonna

Oslo: Fertilitetssenteret Omnia på Røde Kors Klinikk; Rikshospitalet; Ullevål Universitetssykehus; Volvat Medisinske Senter

Trondheim: St Olavs Hospital HF

Tromsø; Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge HF

Poland
Bialystok: Department of Gynecology, Medical Academy of Bialystok Bialystok: Center for Reproductive Medicine ‘Kriobank’

Bytom: I Katedra i Klinika Poloznictwa i Ginekologii

Lodz: ‘Gameta’ Fertility Center

Lublin: ‘AB OVO’, NZOZ Centrum Zdrowia Rodziny

Myslowice: ‘Novomedica’, Klinika Leczenia Nieplodnosci

Poznan: Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology

Poznan: Health Centre ‘Intermedica’, IVF Clinic

Szczecin: Clinic for Reproduction and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University

Warsaw: I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical School of Warsaw

Warsaw: Private Policlinic ‘Novum’

Warsaw: Private Gynaecological Clinic of Reproduction ‘Germen’

Portugal
Guimarães: Hospital N. S. da Oliveira

Lisboa: Ava Clinic; Centro de Medicina da Reprodução-Instituto de Urologia; CLIFER; Hospital de Santa Maria; Maternidade Dr Alfredo da Costa

Oporto: Centro de Genética Prof. Alberto Barros; CETI; Hospital de S. João; Maternidade Júlio Dinis

Vila Nova de Gaia: Centro Hospitalar

Russia
Cheboksary: Republican Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, Ministry of Health Chuvashia Republic

Krasnoyarsk: Center for Reproductive Medicine

Moscow: Center ‘Lera; Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, IVF Department; Center for Infertility Treatment ‘IVF’; IVF Department of Sechenov Medical Academia; Medical Center for ART; Medical Center for Infertility Treatment ‘Embryon’; Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of Russian Academy of Medical Science

Rostov-Don: Center of Human Reproducton and IVF

Samara: Medical Company ‘IDK’

Saratov: Region Center for Family Planning and Reproduction

St Petersburg: Baltic Institute of Human Reproductology; Center for Family Planning, Pushkinsky District; International Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ob/Gyn Ott Institute; Russian Finnish Medical Center ‘AVA-Peter’

Tumen: Center for Reproductive Medicine ‘Mercury’; Medical Center ‘Malish’, Medical Director N.M.Kovalev

Vladivostok: Medical Center for IVF ‘Santa Maria’

Voroneg: Region Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, IVF Department

Slovenia
Ljubljana: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Centre Ljubljana

Maribor: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Hospital Maribor

Postojna: Centre for Infertility Treatment, Hospital Postojna

Spain
List not available

Sweden
Falun: Falu lasarett

Göteborg: Fertilitetscentrum; Sahlgrenska sjukhuset

Huddinge: Huddinge sjukhus

Linköping: Universitetssjukhuset

Malmö: Curakliniken; Ideonkliniken

Örebro: Regionsjukhuset

Stockholm: Karolinska sjukhuset; Lucinakliniken; S:t Görans sjukhus; Sophiahemmet

Umeå: Norrlands universitetssjukhus

Uppsala: Akademiska sjukhuset, Carl von Linné kliniken

Switzerland
Baden: Reproduktionsmedizinisches Zentrum Kantonsspital

Basel: IVF-ICSI Zenter Institut Dr Viollier, Dr N.Pavic, Dr J.-C.Spira; Universitäts-

Frauenklinik, Abt. für gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin

Bellinzona: ProCrea, Centro Fertilità della Svizzera Italiana

Bern: Lindenhofspital, IVF-Labor; Universitätsfrauenklinik, Abt. für Gynäkologie, IVF und Reproduktionsmedizin, Inselspital

Frauenfeld-Kreuzlingen: IVF Zenter ILAMED

Genève: Centre Privé de Procréation Médicalement assistée de la Clinique de Champel Elysée; Hôpital Universitaire, Clinique et Policlinique de Stérilité et d’Endocrinologie Gynécologique

Lausanne: CHUV, Unité de Médecine de la Reproduction et d’Endocrinologie Gynécologique; Centre Vanderlick-Montchoisi

Locarno: Centro Cantonale di Infertilità, Servizio di Endocrinologia Ginecologica

Luzern: Kantonalspital, Sterilitätssprechstunde Frauenklinik, IVF-ICSI Labor

Schaffhausen-Zürich: Zentrum für Reproduktionsmedizin, Dr P.Fehr, Dr Singer

Winterthur: Dr R.Köppel

Zollikerberg: IVF Zürich

Zürich: Universitätsspital, Klinik für Endocrinologie

UK
Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen

Aldridge: Midland Fertility Services

Basingstoke: The Hampshire Clinic

Bath: Bath Assisted Conception Clinic

Belfast: Regional Fertility Centre, Belfast

Birmingham: Birmingham Women’s Hospital; BMI Priory Hospital

Bristol: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University of Bristol; Southmead Hospital

Burton Upon Trent: Burton Hospitals NHS Trust

Cambridge: Bourn Hall Clinic

Cardiff: University Hospital of Wales

Chingford: Essex Fertility Centre

Colchester: Isis Fertility Centre

Coventry: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Coventry

Darlington: Cromwell IVF and Fertility Centre, Darlington

Dorchester: The Winterbourne Hospital

Dundee: Ninewells Hospital

Eastbourne: Esperance Private Hospital

Edinburgh: Edinburgh Assisted Conception Unit

Exeter: Peninsular Centre for Reproductive Medicine

Gateshead: Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Gateshead

Glasgow: BMI Ross Hall Hospital; Glasgow Nuffield Hospital; Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Great Missenden: The Chiltern Hospital Fertility Services Unit

Hartlepool: Hartlepool General Hospital

Hull: Hull IVF Unit

Ilford: The Bupa Roding Hospital

Kent: BMI The Chaucer Hospital

Leeds: Assisted Conception Unit, St James’ University Hospital-Leeds; Clarendon Wing-Leeds

Leicester: BUPA Hospital Leicester; Leicester Royal Infirmary

Liverpool: Liverpool Women’s Hospital; University Hospital Aintree

London: Assisted Conception Unit, King’s College Hospital; Assisted Reproduction and Gynaecology Centre; Barts and the London Fertility Centre; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital; Cromwell IVF and Fertility Centre, London; Diana, Princess of Wales Centre for Reproductive Medicine; Guys Hospital; Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust; London Female and Male Fertility Centre; London Fertility Centre; London Women’s Clinic/Hallam Medical Centre; Newham General; The Bridge Centre; The Hammersmith Hospital; The Harley Street Fertility Centre; The Lister Fertility Clinic; The Portland Hospital Fertility Unit; UCH London

Manchester: CARE at the Alexandra Victoria Park; Manchester Fertility Services Ltd; St Mary’s Hospital

Middlesborough: The James Cook University Hospital

Newcastle: Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life

Newcastle-under-Lyme: Lifestyle

Northampton: CARE at the Three Shires Hospital

Nottingham: CARE at the Park Hospital; NURTURE

Orpington: BMI Chelsfield Park ACU

Oxford: Oxford Fertility Unit

Plymouth: South West Centre for Reproductive Medicine

Salford: Salford Royal IVF and Fertility Centre

Sheffield: CARE at The Sheffield Fertility Centre

Slough: Willow Suite, Thames Valley Nuffield Hospital

Southampton: BUPA Hospital Southampton

Swansea: Cromwell IVF and Fertility Centre, Swansea

Wirral: Wirral Fertility Centre

Woking: The Woking Nuffield Hospital

Wolverhampton: Wolverhampton Assisted Conception Unit

Ukraine
Donetsk: Donetsk Regional Centre for Maternity and Child Care; Isida-Don IVF

Kharkyv: Center for Reproductive Medicine ‘Implant’

Kyiv: Institut Genetics Reproduction; Institute Reproduction Medicine; Isida IVF

Odessa: Center for Reproductive Medicine REMEDI

Simferopyl: Regional Center for Family Planning and Human Reproduction


    FOOTNOTES
 
* EIM Committee: Chairman, K.G.Nygren; co-ordinator, A.Nyboe Andersen; member L.Gianaroli. See Appendix for contributing centres and contacts representing the data collection programmes in the participating European countries. Back


    References
 Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Appendix I. Contact persons...
 List of participating countries...
 References
 
Adamson D, Lancaster P, de Mouzon J, Nygren K-G, Zegers-Hochshield F and International Working Group for Registers on Assisted Reproduction (IFFS Task Force) (2002) World collaborative report on assisted reproductive technology, 1998. In Healy, DL, Kovacs GT, McLachlan R and Rodrigues-Armas, O (eds), Reproductive Medicine in the Twenty-first Century. Proceedings of the 17th World Congress on Fertility and Sterility, Melbourne Australia. Parthenon, New York, pp. 209–219.

ASRM/SART Registry (2002) Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1999 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertil Steril 78,918–927.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]

ESHRE (2001a) The European IVF-monitoring programme (EIM), for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 1997. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 16,384–391.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

ESHRE (2001b) The European IVF-monitoring programme (EIM), for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 1998. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 16,2459–2471.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

ESHRE (2002) The European IVF-monitoring programme (EIM), for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 1999. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 17,3260–3274.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

World Health Organization (2002) Current Practise and Controversies in Assisted Reproduction 2002. Vayena E, Rowe PJ and Griffin PD (eds). World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 19–22.

Submitted on November 14, 2003;